Last updated: April 14, 2025
Kazakhstan's climate is characterized by dramatic temperature fluctuations and varying precipitation patterns across its extensive territory. In East Kazakhstan, winter temperatures can plunge to a chilling -43°C (-45°F) in January, while South Kazakhstan sizzles under scorching July heat, reaching up to 45°C (114°F). Precipitation shows significant variability, with Almaty experiencing a maximum of 141 mm (5.6 in) in April, contrasted by Baikonur's driest month in June, where rainfall drops to a mere 3 mm (0.1 in). Furthermore, humidity levels oscillate from a dry 22% in July at Baikonur to a near-saturated 98% in January in Qostanay, adding to the region’s diverse climate profile. The interplay of extreme temperatures and inconsistent moisture underscores the unique climatic dynamics at play in Kazakhstan.
Kazakhstan's climate is diverse, exhibiting a rich tapestry of Köppen-Geiger climate classes across its regions. In the southeast, Almaty features a temperate Dfa climate, while its surrounding area, Almaty Oblysy, transitions among Dfa, BSk, Dfb, and Dfc. The central regions, including Aqmola and Karaganda, experience variations of Dfb, BSk, and Dfa. Heading west, Aqtöbe shares a similar climate profile, while Atyraū and Baikonur are characterized by BSk and BWk arid conditions. The northeastern parts, like North Kazakhstan and Pavlodar Region, showcase a mix of margins between Dfb and BSk, as well as some BWk zones. To the south, Shymkent boasts a Dsa climate with additional subtropical influences evident in regions such as South Kazakhstan and Zhambyl. Each region contributes to the overall climatic variety, making Kazakhstan a fascinating study of environmental contrasts.
| Climate Zone | Description |
|---|---|
| BSk | Cold semi-arid climate with low rainfall and significant temperature variation. |
| BWk | Cold desert climate with low rainfall and cold temperatures. |
| Csa | Hot-summer Mediterranean climate with dry summers and wet winters. |
| Dfa | Humid continental climate with hot summers and cold winters. |
| Dfb | Humid continental climate with warm summers and cold winters. |
| Dfc | Subarctic climate with cold, long winters and short, mild summers. |
| Dsa | Hot-summer Mediterranean-influenced humid continental climate with dry summers. |
| Dsb | Warm-summer Mediterranean-influenced humid continental climate with dry summers. |
Kazakhstan’s temperature varies dramatically throughout the year, showcasing both extremes and warm spells across its diverse regions. January kicks off the year with frigid lows of -43°C (-45°F) in East Kazakhstan, while the south enjoys temperatures soaring to a balmy 21°C (70°F). As winter gives way to February, conditions remain chilly, with a striking minimum of -42°C (-42°F) in North Kazakhstan, while the southern territories can reach a pleasant 26°C (78°F). Transitioning into spring, March witnesses a notable rise with temperatures balancing between a stark -31°C (-24°F) and a high of 32°C (90°F) in Qyzylorda. April brings warmth, peaking at a sizzling 39°C (102°F) in South Kazakhstan. The heat intensifies in May, with maximums hitting 43°C (109°F) in Mangghystaū. The summer months of June and July maintain the high temperatures, consistently reaching 45°C (114°F) in the south, while early mornings can still register near-freezing temperatures in Almaty Oblysy. August and September continue the trend of warmth, though the minimum drops to -10°C (15°F) in Almaty Oblysy as the evenings cool. October signals a shift back to cooler weather, with lows around -22°C (-8°F) in East Kazakhstan but still experiencing peaks of 33°C (91°F) in the south. By November, a cold snap sets in, highlighted by -34°C (-28°F) in East Kazakhstan, bringing the year to a close amidst frosty conditions before December's similarly harsh low of -38°C (-36°F) balanced by a more moderate maximum of 24°C (76°F) in South Kazakhstan. This dramatic fluctuation emphasizes Kazakhstan's vast climatic diversity, making it a land of contrasts.
Kazakhstan exhibits distinct precipitation patterns that vary significantly throughout the year and across different regions. For instance, June in Baikonur can see a minimal rainfall of only 3 mm (0.1 in), with Qyzylorda experiencing as few as 0 days of precipitation. In stark contrast, April emerges as the wettest month, particularly in Almaty, which receives a substantial 141 mm (5.6 in) of rain over 15 days. This variation highlights the country's diverse climate, pointing to a trend where spring brings increased moisture, fostering a lush environment, while summer tends to be much drier, particularly in the southern regions.
Kazakhstan experiences significant humidity fluctuations throughout the year, with a remarkable range from a dry 22% in July in Baikonur to a notably damp 98% in January in Qostanay. This contrast highlights the stark seasonal variations in the country's climate, where summer brings arid conditions, while winter envelops the region in moisture-laden air. Such dramatic shifts can influence not only local ecosystems but also the daily lives of residents, as they adapt to the intense dryness of summer and the heavy humidity of winter months.
Kazakhstan exhibits notable UV Index trends that reflect the country's diverse climates. In Almaty Oblysy, the average daily maximum UVI spikes to an impressive 13 in May, indicating a significant risk of harm from unprotected sun exposure during the early summer. In contrast, North Kazakhstan experiences a lower average daily maximum UVI of 7 in July, suggesting that while the sun's intensity is still considerable, the risk is comparatively reduced at this time of year. This data underscores the varying UV exposure levels across regions and months, emphasizing the importance of seasonal sun safety awareness tailored to local conditions.
UV Risk Categories
Kazakhstan experiences notable variations in sunshine duration throughout the year, with significant differences between regions and seasons. For instance, in January, sunshine hours are fairly limited, ranging from just 105 hours in Batys Qazaqstan to 198 hours in Almaty. As summer arrives, these numbers surge dramatically, showcasing a vibrant contrast; July boasts an impressive 412 hours of sunshine in Almaty and a peak of 447 hours in Qostanay. This striking seasonal shift not only highlights Kazakhstan's diverse climate but also sets the stage for outdoor activities and exploration during the sun-drenched summer months.
In Kazakhstan, the likelihood of sunny weather varies significantly throughout the year and across regions. For instance, in January, Batys Qazaqstan experiences a mere 9% chance of sun, highlighting the chilly winter atmosphere that dominates the area. In stark contrast, by September in Shymkent, the sun shines brightly with a remarkable 97% probability, showcasing the transition to a more temperate climate. This striking shift underscores the diverse weather patterns in Kazakhstan, making it essential for residents and travelers alike to plan accordingly based on the season.
In Kazakhstan, daylight hours reveal a striking seasonal contrast, particularly in the north. During December, residents of North Kazakhstan experience a mere 7 hours of sunlight, creating long, dark winter days that can feel quite isolating. In stark contrast, June brings a dramatic increase, with daylight extending to an exhilarating 17 hours. This remarkable shift not only illuminates the vibrant summer landscape but also invites a surge in outdoor activities and social gatherings, showcasing the profound impact of seasonal changes on daily life in the region.
Almaty, Kazakhstan, experiences a continental climate characterized by distinct seasons. Winters can be harsh, with January temperatures plunging as low as -28°C (-19°F) and an average humidity of 82% creating a crisp chill. As spring arrives, temperatures slowly rise, peaking at 25°C (76°F) in April, while rainfall increases, particularly in the spring months. The summer is warm and inviting, with July averaging 31°C (88°F), making it a great time to enjoy outdoor activities amidst the city's stunning mountainous backdrop. For those intrigued by its varied climate, more details can be found Almaty climate.
Almaty Oblysy experiences a dramatic climate that showcases a wide range of temperatures throughout the year. In winter, the region can plunge to a chilling -36°C (-32°F) in January, while summers bring heat waves soaring up to 43°C (109°F) in July. This stark contrast is accompanied by varying precipitation, with April typically receiving the most rainfall at 72 mm (2.8 in). Together with a humidity level that fluctuates from a brisk 81% in January to a drier 47% in August, the climate here paints an intriguing picture of seasonal extremes. For more details, visit the Almaty Oblysy climate page.
Aqmola, Kazakhstan experiences extreme seasonal contrasts, with frigid winters and warm summers. January and February see temperatures plummet as low as -40°C (-40°F), creating a stark landscape gripped by high humidity levels around 97%. As spring approaches, temperatures gradually rise, peaking in July with averages reaching 21°C (69°F) and maximums soaring to a blistering 40°C (104°F). Throughout the year, precipitation levels fluctuate, peaking in July at 55 mm (2.2 in), contributing to a dynamic climate that varies from snowy winters to vibrant summer thunderstorms. For a deeper dive into the weather patterns, visit Aqmola climate.
Aqtöbe, Kazakhstan, experiences an extreme continental climate, marked by frigid winters and sweltering summers. January can plunge to a chilly -32°C (-26°F), while July basks in the heat, reaching up to 43°C (110°F). Despite significant temperature fluctuations, Aqtöbe's humidity remains relatively moderate, dropping to 38% in July—the driest month. Precipitation is light, peaking in February with 30 mm (1.2 in), and reducing further during the summer. For a closer look at the unique climate patterns of this lively city, check out Aqtöbe climate.
Atyraū, Kazakhstan, experiences a dramatic climate that shifts from harsh winters to sweltering summers. January kicks off the year with chilling temperatures, plunging to a frigid -30°C (-22°F), while February remains equally cold but hints at the impending warmth of spring. As the seasons progress, mild days in April and May, with averages around 12°C (54°F) and 20°C (69°F), give way to the scorching heat of summer, reaching max temperatures of up to 44°C (111°F) in July and August. The humidity levels vary significantly throughout the year, peaking in winter and dipping during the hotter months, making Atyraū's weather as diverse as its stunning landscapes. Discover more about the region's unique climate patterns by visiting Atyraū climate.
Located in the heart of Kazakhstan, Baikonur experiences a continental climate characterized by dramatic seasonal variations. Winters are bitterly cold, with January temperatures plummeting to as low as -28°C (-18°F) and a relative humidity often exceeding 70%. In contrast, summers can be scorching, with July peaks reaching 44°C (112°F) under a dry sky, as humidity dips to just 22%. This stark shift creates a unique environment, making Baikonur a fascinating destination for those intrigued by diverse climates. For more detailed insights, check the full Baikonur climate information.
The climate in Batys Qazaqstan is characterized by its extreme temperature fluctuations throughout the year. Winters are notably harsh, with January lows plunging to -33°C (-28°F) and significant humidity levels often reaching 90%. As the seasons turn to summer, temperatures soar with averages in July reaching a warm 25°C (77°F) and highs peaking at 42°C (108°F), all while humidity remains relatively low. Precipitation varies, with the heaviest rain seen in December, making it a month to prepare for both cold and wet conditions. For a detailed look at year-round conditions, explore more at Batys Qazaqstan climate.
East Kazakhstan experiences a dramatic continental climate, characterized by bitterly cold winters and warm summers. January sees temperatures plummeting to a chilling low of -43°C (-45°F), while July can soar to a scorching 41°C (106°F). Precipitation varies throughout the year, with July typically receiving the highest amount at 52 mm (2.1 in), contributing to a humid summer environment. As spring emerges, temperatures rise and humidity drops, creating a brief yet vibrant transition before winter returns. For a more detailed overview, visit the East Kazakhstan climate.
Karaganda, Kazakhstan, experiences a dramatic range of temperatures throughout the year, from the frigid lows of -37°C (-35°F) in January to the sweltering highs of 41°C (106°F) in July. This continental climate is characterized by low humidity, especially during summer months when it dips to around 35%, creating a dry heat. Winter brings piercing cold, with average January temperatures around -13°C (9°F) and snowfall, while precipitation remains moderate throughout the seasons, peaking in June with 40 mm (1.6 in). The striking contrasts between sizzling summers and icy winters define the charm of Karaganda, making it a unique destination for those interested in experiencing diverse weather conditions. For more details, check out the Karaganda climate.
In Mangghystaū, Kazakhstan, the climate is marked by stark seasonal contrasts. Winters are harsh, with January temperatures plunging as low as -26°C (-14°F) and high humidity often reaching about 81%. By summer, the region transforms into a baking oasis, with July highs soaring to a scorching 45°C (114°F). Humidity remains relatively low during the warmer months, peaking in late autumn and winter months. For a deeper dive into the region's climate patterns, visit Mangghystaū climate.
The climate in North Kazakhstan is characterized by extreme temperature fluctuations throughout the year, from bone-chilling winters to warm summers. In January, frigid temperatures can plunge to a staggering -40°C (-40°F), while July basks in a warm embrace of up to 39°C (103°F). Precipitation is most abundant during the summer months, peaking in July with 69 mm (2.7 in), contributing to a humid atmosphere that contrasts sharply with the dry, cold winters, where humidity can soar to 98% in January. This stark climate makes the region a unique destination, revealing the beauty of its seasonal extremes. For more detailed information, explore North Kazakhstan climate.
Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan, experiences extreme seasonal contrasts that define its continental climate. Winters can be harsh, with January temperatures plunging as low as -38°C (-37°F), while summers offer a stark contrast, with July highs reaching 39°C (102°F). The city sees a varied humidity range throughout the year, peaking at 96% in the depths of winter, while later months enjoy lower levels around 40% in June. Precipitation is fairly consistent, with a notable uptick in the summer months, making it a city of both crisp winters and warm, vibrant summers. To learn more about the city's unique weather patterns, check out the detailed Nur-Sultan climate.
The Pavlodar Region of Kazakhstan presents a striking contrast in weather throughout the year, with bitterly cold winters and hot summers. January can plunge to a frigid -41°C, while July's warmth can soar up to 43°C. This region experiences a blend of high humidity in the winter months (peaking at 92% in January) and pleasantly dry summer conditions, creating a unique climate tapestry. With average annual precipitation peaking in the summer, visitors can expect a mix of sunny days and refreshing rain. For an in-depth look at the climate patterns of this fascinating area, explore the complete guide on Pavlodar Region climate.
Qostanay, Kazakhstan, experiences a distinctive climate that transitions dramatically through the seasons. Winters are notably harsh, with January temperatures dipping as low as -36°C (-33°F) coupled with high humidity levels around 98%. As spring arrives, temperatures increase, reaching pleasant averages of 6°C (43°F) in April, while summer boasts warmth with highs hitting 42°C (108°F) in July. However, autumn brings a swift return to chill, with November seeing averages around -4°C (24°F). For a deeper dive into its yearly weather patterns, visit Qostanay climate.
Qyzylorda, Kazakhstan experiences an extreme continental climate, showcasing stark contrasts between the biting cold of winter and the scorching heat of summer. January temperatures plunge as low as -31°C (-24°F), while July brings an oppressive warmth reaching highs of 45°C (112°F). Despite the frigid winters, the region sees a notable decline in humidity during summer months, dropping to a mere 26% in July, which can make the heat feel less stifling. Precipitation is relatively low, especially during the summer, with June and July receiving only a slight 3 mm (0.1 in) of rain. For more detailed insights on weather patterns, visit the Qyzylorda climate.
Shymkent, Kazakhstan, experiences a continental climate characterized by sharp seasonal contrasts. Winters can be quite cold, with January temperatures plummeting to a chilling -15°C (5°F), while summers bring the heat, peaking at 41°C (107°F) in July. Precipitation is most abundant in spring, especially in April, where rainfall can reach 108 mm (4.2 in), before giving way to drier months in summer. As for humidity, the air is generally crisp and dry from June to August, making it a perfect time to enjoy outdoor activities. For a closer look at the weather trends throughout the year, visit Shymkent climate.
The climate in South Kazakhstan is characterized by extreme temperature variations throughout the year, with January dipping to a frigid low of -28°C (-18°F) and summer peaks soaring to a sweltering 45°C (114°F). Amidst this range, April and May bring a burst of warmth, averaging around 20°C (69°F), while winter months are marked by significant humidity, particularly in February and November, which reach up to 78%. Precipitation is unevenly distributed, with the wettest months occurring from March through May, providing a refreshing contrast to the dry summer months. Visitors can expect a blend of harsh winters and hot summers, making South Kazakhstan's climate as diverse as its stunning landscapes. For more detailed insights, check out the South Kazakhstan climate.
Zhambyl, Kazakhstan, experiences a harsh continental climate, marked by extreme temperature variations throughout the year. Winters can plunge to a chilling -37°C (-35°F) in January, while summers blaze with highs reaching 43°C (111°F) in July. Precipitation is mostly concentrated in the spring months, with April receiving about 92 mm (3.6 in) of rain, fostering a brief yet vibrant phase of greenery. Humidity levels also shift notably, peaking in winter at 76% and dropping to a dry 34% during the sizzling summer, adding to the region's dramatic seasonal contrasts. For a detailed look at what to expect, check the complete Zhambyl climate information.
Kazakhstan's climate is a study in extremes, showcasing a remarkable range of temperatures and precipitation patterns across its vast territory. The country experiences bitterly cold winters, with temperatures plunging to a staggering -43°C (-45°F) in January in East Kazakhstan, while summers can swelter with highs reaching 45°C (114°F) in July in South Kazakhstan. Rainfall varies significantly, with minimal precipitation of just 3 mm (0.1 in) in June in Baikonur, contrasting sharply against the peak of 141 mm (5.6 in) in April in Almaty. Humidity levels also portray this dichotomy, averaging 22% in the sweltering July air of Baikonur, while January brings a damp 98% in Qostanay. Together, these trends illustrate not only the diverse climatic conditions that define Kazakhstan but also the adaptability of its landscapes and inhabitants in the face of such variability.