Last updated: April 14, 2025
Indonesia's climate is characterized by a striking contrast in temperatures and precipitation across its diverse regions. In June, Papua experiences cooler temperatures, with a minimum of just 5°C (41°F), while South Sulawesi sizzles in December, reaching as high as 39°C (103°F). The archipelago is also home to dramatic variations in rainfall; for instance, August sees only 14 mm (0.5 in) of rain in East Nusa Tenggara, yet November brings a staggering 474 mm (18.7 in) in Aceh. Additionally, humidity levels fluctuate significantly, averaging a minimum of 69% in October in West Nusa Tenggara, and peaking at 91% in January in North Kalimantan. This rich tapestry of climatic conditions plays a crucial role in shaping Indonesia's unique ecosystems and biodiversity.
Indonesia's diverse climate zones create a tapestry of ecosystems that vary from lush rainforests to arid plains. The northern regions, such as Aceh and Bangka–Belitung Islands, experience an Af climate, characterized by tropical rainforest conditions. In contrast, the charming island of Bali and the East Nusa Tenggara region have Aw climates, offering a distinct wet and dry season. The central areas, including Central Java and West Java, alternate between Af and Am, with both tropical rainforest and monsoon influences shaping their landscapes. Major urban hubs like Jakarta also reflect the Af climate, ensuring humidity and precipitation year-round. As you journey through Papua, experience the interplay of Af, Cfb, Am, and Aw climates that contribute to its rich biodiversity. Each region, from the rolling hills of Yogyakarta to the tropical allure of South Sulawesi, encapsulates the unique climatic conditions that define Indonesia's stunning geography.
| Climate Zone | Description |
|---|---|
| Af | Tropical rainforest climate with no dry season and high temperatures year-round. |
| Am | Tropical monsoon climate with heavy rainfall and high temperatures. |
| Aw | Tropical savanna climate with a dry season occurring in winter. |
| Cfb | Oceanic climate with mild temperatures and moderate rainfall year-round. |
Throughout the year, Indonesia showcases a diverse temperature range influenced by its unique geography. In the cooler regions like Papua, January and February start with minimums as low as 6°C (43°F), gradually shifting to slightly warmer lows of 7°C (45°F) by April and November. In sharp contrast, southern provinces like South Sulawesi and East Java experience maximum temperatures soaring to 38°C (100°F) or higher, with peaks reaching 39°C (102°F) to 103°F during the later months. Interestingly, the pattern shows a subtle dip in highs from May through July, only to rebound in August and September, emphasizing the region's tropical climate. Overall, Indonesia's climate oscillates between refreshing coolness and intense warmth, offering a rich variety of weather experiences throughout the year.
Indonesia's precipitation patterns reveal a striking variability across different regions and months. In the dry season, East Nusa Tenggara experiences its lowest rainfall in August, with a mere 14 mm (0.5 in), while in stark contrast, November sees Aceh drenched with an impressive 474 mm (18.7 in). This dramatic shift highlights the island's seasonal extremes. Additionally, when we look at precipitation days, July in East Nusa Tenggara records the fewest rainy days, with only 3 days of rain. Meanwhile, Bali experiences its rainiest stretch in March, registering up to 29 days of rainfall. These trends reflect not only the climatic diversity of Indonesia but also the intricate interplay of seasonality and geography that characterizes its weather patterns.
Indonesia experiences significant variations in humidity, with levels ranging from a minimum of 69% in October in West Nusa Tenggara to a peak of 91% in January in North Kalimantan. This notable fluctuation highlights the region's tropical climate, where high humidity is prevalent, particularly during the wet season. As the year progresses, the surge in moisture during January can be attributed to increased rainfall, influencing both comfort levels and environmental conditions across the archipelago. Such trends emphasize the importance of monitoring humidity patterns for both residents and travelers in Indonesia.
As we explore the UV index trends across Indonesia, a notable rise in average daily maximum UV index values can be observed. In February, Bali experiences a significant average daily max UVI of 16, while a month later in March, Papua escalates this figure to 19. This upward trend not only highlights the increasing intensity of solar radiation as the seasons shift, but also underscores the importance of sun safety measures for residents and visitors alike in these vibrant regions. Whether basking on Bali's beaches or exploring Papua's lush landscapes, awareness of UV exposure is crucial during these months of heightened intensity.
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Sunshine duration in Indonesia presents intriguing regional variations throughout the year. In January, the Riau Islands bask in a generous 238 hours of sunlight, while Papua enjoys somewhat less with 199 hours. As the year progresses to August, Papua experiences a remarkable increase, soaring to 264 hours, indicating a peak in sunshine during the dry season. The trend continues into October, where East Nusa Tenggara leads the way with an impressive 324 hours of sunlight, showcasing the diverse climatic patterns across Indonesia's islands. This variation highlights how geography and seasonal changes play a pivotal role in shaping the sunshine experience for each region.
When it comes to sunny weather in Indonesia, a striking contrast emerges between the regions and their seasonal patterns. For instance, Central Java experiences a mere 1% likelihood of sunny days in January, highlighting the wet season's dominance during that time. In stark contrast, East Nusa Tenggara enjoys a much sunnier disposition in August, boasting a remarkable 59% chance of clear skies. This trend suggests that while some areas may be grappling with rain during the early months of the year, others are reveling in the warmth and sunshine later in the dry season. Understanding these regional variances allows travelers to plan their visits to enjoy the best of Indonesia's delightful weather.
In East Nusa Tenggara, daylight hours demonstrate a subtle yet noticeable variation throughout the year. In June, the region enjoys approximately 11 hours of daylight, providing ample time for outdoor exploration and activities. As December rolls around, the daylight extends to about 12 hours, creating a perfect atmosphere for beachside relaxation and cultural immersions. This trend highlights the region's consistent sunlight, ideal for travelers seeking vibrant experiences amid Indonesia's picturesque landscapes.
Nestled in the lush landscapes of Indonesia, Aceh experiences a tropical climate marked by warm temperatures year-round, averaging between 24°C to 26°C (75°F to 79°F). However, its high humidity, often peaking at 86%, coupled with significant rainfall, particularly in November with a staggering 474 mm (18.7 in), creates a vibrant and verdant environment. March and April both flirt with maximums of 37°C (98°F), hinting at the region’s heat before the heavy downpours set in. Throughout the year, Aceh's charm lies in its dynamic weather, making it a unique destination for those who revel in tropical conditions. For a deeper dive into the local climate, check out Aceh climate.
Bali, Indonesia boasts a tropical climate characterized by warm temperatures and high humidity year-round. From January to March, temperatures reach a peak of 33°C (91°F), while the cooler months of July and August see averages around 24°C (75°F). The wet season, spanning from November to March, brings substantial rainfall, often exceeding 350 mm per month, while the dry season offers a reprieve with significantly lower precipitation. Humidity levels remain consistently high, averaging around 77% to 84%, ensuring a lush, vibrant landscape. For more detailed information, you can explore the Bali climate page.
Bangka–Belitung Islands experiences a tropical climate characterized by warm temperatures and high humidity throughout the year. Average daily temperatures hover around 27°C (81°F), with highs peaking at 35°C (95°F) in November. While the islands enjoy relatively less rainfall from July to August, the wettest months are November and December, averaging over 300 mm (11.8 in) of precipitation. Humidity levels remain elevated, often above 80%, contributing to a lush and vibrant environment. Discover more about the region's climate at Bangka–Belitung Islands climate.
Banten, Indonesia, experiences a tropical climate characterized by warm temperatures and high humidity throughout the year. With average temperatures hovering around 26-27°C (79-81°F), the region sees peaks reaching up to 36°C (98°F) in October and November. The heavy rainfall, particularly from January to March and again in December, brings an average monthly precipitation of over 300 mm during the wettest months. Despite the rain, Banten’s lush landscapes thrive under the consistent moisture, making it a captivating destination. For more detailed insights, visit Banten climate.
Nestled along the coast of Sumatra, Bengkulu, Indonesia, boasts a tropical climate characterized by warm temperatures and ample rainfall. Throughout the year, temperatures typically hover between a mild 16°C (61°F) to a hot 33°C (91°F), with January and February experiencing the highest humidity levels of around 84%. The wettest months are from May to November, where precipitation often exceeds 300 mm (11.8 in), turning this lush locale into a verdant paradise. Visitors can expect a unique experience as the humidity and rain contribute to the vibrant flora and rich biodiversity found in the region. To explore more about the distinctive weather patterns of this captivating city, visit Bengkulu climate.
Central Java, Indonesia, boasts a tropical climate characterized by warm temperatures year-round, with averages hovering around 27°C (81°F). The region experiences a distinct wet season from January to March, with heavy rainfall peaking in February at 333 mm (13.1 in), while humidity levels remain high, often exceeding 83%. As the dry months approach from June to August, temperatures can soar, hitting 36°C (97°F), making it one of the hottest times of the year. Despite the decrease in rainfall, the lush landscape endures, nourished by the consistent humidity. For a deeper understanding of this vibrant climate, visit Central Java climate.
Nestled in the heart of Indonesia, the climate in Central Kalimantan features a consistently warm and humid atmosphere, with temperatures ranging from a mild 20°C (69°F) to a sizzling 38°C (100°F) throughout the year. The region experiences a distinct wet season, particularly from November to March, when rainfall peaks, with March receiving as much as 300 mm (11.8 in) of precipitation. Humidity levels remain high, averaging 87% during the rainy months, fostering a lush, tropical environment. As you prepare for your visit, check out the detailed forecast on Central Kalimantan climate to ensure you're ready for its balmy embrace.
The climate of Central Sulawesi is characterized by warm temperatures and high humidity throughout the year, making it a tropical paradise. With average temperatures hovering around 26°C (78°F), daytime highs can soar to 37°C (98°F) in September while cooler nights dip to about 16°C (61°F). Precipitation is abundant, especially from April to June, where monthly rainfall can reach up to 311 mm (12.2 in), contributing to lush, vibrant landscapes. Despite the humidity peaking at 86% during February and March, the region’s natural beauty flourishes under the warm, tropic skies. For more detailed information, check out the Central Sulawesi climate.
East Java, Indonesia, boasts a tropical climate characterized by warm temperatures and high humidity throughout the year. From January to March, the region experiences its warmest days, with averages hovering around 26°C (79°F), while November and December can see highs reach up to 39°C (102°F). Precipitation is a significant aspect of East Java's weather, peaking during the early months of the year, particularly in February, with 340 mm (13.4 in) of rain, tapering off to much drier conditions by mid-year. Despite the heat and humidity, the local charm shines through, making it a captivating destination for those wanting to explore its rich culture and natural beauty. For more details, check out the East Java climate.
Nestled in the heart of Indonesia, East Kalimantan boasts a tropical climate characterized by consistent warmth and high humidity throughout the year. With temperatures hovering around 27°C (81°F) as an average, visitors can expect daytime highs to peak at 36°C (97°F) during the hottest months, particularly in March and April. The region experiences considerable rainfall, especially in the early months of the year, with January and February receiving around 235 mm (9.2 in) each. As the year progresses, rainfall gradually diminishes, with July and August being the driest months, seeing only 7.3 inches and 6.9 inches, respectively. For a deeper dive into the region's climate, visit the complete guide on East Kalimantan climate.
The climate in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia is characterized by warm temperatures and distinct wet and dry seasons. Throughout the year, daytime temperatures typically range from a comfortable 26°C (80°F) to a sizzling 38°C (100°F), peaking in November. The region experiences heavy rainfall from January to March, with precipitation often exceeding 250 mm (9.8 in) monthly, while the dry months of June to August see minimal rain, with only about 16 mm (0.6 in). Humidity remains fairly high, particularly during the rainy season, hovering around 84% in the peak months, but drops to a more comfortable 70% in October. For a more detailed overview of the climate, visit East Nusa Tenggara climate.
Gorontalo, Indonesia, embraces a tropical climate characterized by warm temperatures year-round, with averages lingering around 26°C (79°F). From January to May, the region experiences heightened humidity levels, reaching up to 85%, alongside significant rainfall—peaking in April with 349 mm (13.7 in). As the dry season approaches, temperatures can soar, with August often hitting 35°C (95°F). Despite the occasional heavy downpour, the charming weather makes Gorontalo an inviting destination for those seeking both sun and nature's lush beauty. For more detailed information, visit Gorontalo climate.
Jakarta, Indonesia, boasts a tropical climate characterized by warm temperatures and high humidity throughout the year. With averages hovering around 27°C (81°F), the city's climate is punctuated by minimal fluctuations, although you can expect peaks of up to 35°C (95°F) in September and October. Precipitation varies significantly, reaching a dramatic 319 mm (12.6 in) in February, while July and August experience drier spells with only 55 mm (2.2 in) and 52 mm (2.0 in), respectively. The combination of high humidity—averaging around 80%—and consistent warmth gives Jakarta its distinctive weather profile. For a deeper dive into the city’s climate patterns, explore Jakarta climate.
Nestled in Indonesia, Jambi boasts a warm tropical climate characterized by consistent temperatures throughout the year, averaging around 26°C (79°F). While daily highs often reach up to 37°C (98°F), especially in the peak months of August and September, the evenings offer a brief respite with cooler lows dipping to around 14°C (57°F). This region experiences significant rainfall, particularly from March to November, with March alone receiving over 334 mm (13.2 in) of precipitation. Visitors should prepare for high humidity levels, typically between 84% and 88%, adding to the lush, verdant landscapes that thrive in this vibrant climate. For more detailed insights, explore the Jambi climate.
In Lampung, Indonesia, the weather offers a delightful mix of warmth and humidity throughout the year. With average temperatures hovering around 26°C (79°F), January and February bring the highest rainfall, peaking at 317 mm (12.5 in) and 339 mm (13.4 in), creating a lush and vibrant landscape. The dry season from June to August sees much lower precipitation, with humidity levels remaining relatively high, ranging from 73 mm (2.9 in) to 85 mm (3.4 in). As the year progresses, temperatures can soar to a sizzling 38°C (101°F) in October and November, making it an ideal time for those who thrive in heat. For a comprehensive overview of the climate in Lampung, explore more at Lampung climate.
In Maluku, Indonesia, a tropical paradise, the climate is characterized by warm temperatures and significant rainfall throughout the year. With average temperatures hovering around 27°C (80°F), highs can reach up to 36°C (97°F) during the peak months, while cooler, breezier conditions can be found from June to September. The region experiences its heaviest rainfall from March to May, with precipitation peaking at around 292 mm (11.5 in) in May, resulting in lush green landscapes. Humidity levels remain high, often exceeding 80%, contributing to the area's vibrant ecosystems. For more detailed insights on the local weather patterns, check out Maluku climate.
Nestled in the tropical embrace of Indonesia, North Kalimantan experiences a warm and humid climate throughout the year. With average temperatures hovering around 25°C (77°F) and peak highs reaching 37°C (99°F) in October, the region provides a consistently balmy atmosphere. However, it's also marked by significant rainfall, particularly from November to April, when monthly totals can exceed 300 mm. Humidity remains high, often reaching 91% in January, making the air feel even more tropical. For more detailed insights, explore the North Kalimantan climate.
Nestled in Indonesia, North Maluku experiences a tropical climate characterized by warm temperatures and significant rainfall throughout the year. With average temperatures hovering around 27°C (80°F), the region enjoys a range of min and max values from 18°C (65°F) in January to a peak of 34°C (93°F) in November and December. Rainfall is most abundant between April and June, with precipitation reaching 348 mm (13.7 in) in June alone, leading to a humidity level often around 80%. The lush landscapes and vibrant ecosystems are a testament to the consistent warmth and moisture in this enchanting region. For more details, check out the North Maluku climate.
Nestled in the tropical embrace of Indonesia, North Sulawesi is characterized by a climate that boasts warm temperatures year-round, averaging between 26°C to 27°C (79°F to 81°F). Visitors can expect maximum daily highs reaching up to 35°C (96°F) in September, while the coolest months hover around 18°C (65°F). The region receives significant rainfall, particularly from May to June, with precipitation peaking at 327 mm (12.9 in) in June, adding a lush vibrancy to the landscape. Humidity levels consistently remain high, averaging around 80%, contributing to the rich biodiversity of this stunning locale. For a closer look at the climate patterns throughout the year, explore the details at North Sulawesi climate.
Nestled in tropical splendor, North Sumatra, Indonesia experiences a climate characterized by warm temperatures and high humidity year-round. From January to December, daily highs can soar to around 35-38°C (95-100°F), while minimum temperatures typically hover between 14°C and 16°C (57°F and 61°F). Precipitation is a defining feature of the region, peaking in November with a staggering 414 mm (16.3 in), contributing to lush landscapes and vibrant ecosystems. Humidity levels are consistently high, reaching up to 88%, creating a humid and rich atmosphere that is typical of equatorial climates. For a deeper dive into the seasonal nuances, visit North Sumatra climate.
Nestled in the heart of Indonesia, Papua boasts a tropical climate characterized by warmth and humidity throughout the year. Temperatures typically range from a low of 6°C (43°F) to highs peaking at around 37°C (98°F), with averages hovering around 24°C (76°F). The region experiences substantial rainfall, particularly from March to April, when precipitation can exceed 400 mm (16 in). With humidity consistently around 85-87%, the air often feels lush and vibrant, contributing to Papua's rich biodiversity. For more detailed information, visit the Papua climate.
Riau, Indonesia, boasts a tropical climate characterized by warm temperatures and significant rainfall throughout the year. With average daily temperatures hovering between 27°C (81°F) and 36°C (96°F), residents and visitors can expect a consistently warm environment. The wet season peaks in November, bringing an impressive 349 mm (13.8 in) of rain, while the humidity often reaches 89%, creating a lush, green landscape. Whether you're exploring the vibrant culture or breathtaking nature, understanding the climate in Riau is essential for planning your adventures—discover more in our detailed guide on Riau climate.
The climate in the Riau Islands of Indonesia is characterized by a consistent tropical warmth, with temperatures generally hovering between 24°C (75°F) and 35°C (94°F) throughout the year. The islands experience their wettest months from November to May, with precipitation peaking in November at 329 mm (13.0 in), while humidity remains high, averaging around 81%. Despite the frequent rain, visitors can still enjoy warm, sunny days with average temperatures of 27°C (81°F). With a vibrant atmosphere shaped by its tropical climate, the Riau Islands offer a unique blend of natural beauty and a rich cultural tapestry. For more details, check out the Riau Islands climate.
Nestled in the heart of Indonesia, South Kalimantan experiences a tropical climate characterized by warm temperatures year-round, typically ranging from a comfortable 21°C to a scorching 39°C (70°F to 102°F) throughout the months. While January to March heralds the heaviest rainfall, with March receiving up to 315 mm (12.4 in), the drier months of July and August still see significant humidity averaging around 83%. This lush, vibrant region thrives in its lush greenery, sustained by steady precipitation levels, particularly in the wet season, which enriches its diverse ecosystem. For a more detailed overview, check out the South Kalimantan climate.
South Sulawesi, Indonesia, experiences a tropical climate characterized by warm temperatures and significant humidity throughout the year. From January to April, the region sees highs often reaching 38°C (100°F), paired with substantial precipitation, peaking in March with 384 mm (15.1 in) of rainfall. The dry season arrives in July and August, where temperatures cool slightly and rainfall decreases, bringing a welcome respite. However, the humidity remains high, averaging around 82-85%, making it feel hotter than it is. For a detailed understanding of the local weather patterns, visit South Sulawesi climate.
Nestled in the heart of tropical Indonesia, South Sumatra boasts a warm climate year-round, with average temperatures hovering around 26°C (79°F). The region experiences distinct wet and dry seasons, with January through April marked by heavy rainfall, peaking at 355 mm (14.0 in) in March, while July and August tend to be drier. Humidity levels remain high throughout the year, reaching an impressive 89% in January, ensuring a lush and vibrant landscape. With maximum temperatures occasionally soaring to 39°C (102°F) in September, this unique climate offers an inviting escape into a verdant paradise. For more insights into the climate of this enchanting region, check out South Sumatra climate.
Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia, boasts a tropical climate characterized by warm temperatures year-round, where averages hover around 27°C (81°F). The region experiences a distinctive wet season from January to May, peaking in March with a hefty 298 mm (11.7 in) of rainfall, while the dry season, especially from August to October, sees significantly lower precipitation, sometimes dipping below 100 mm. Humidity remains relatively high, fluctuating between 77% and 84%, creating a lush environment that thrives despite the seasonal changes. Whether you're exploring vibrant landscapes or immersing yourself in local culture, the climate here provides an inviting backdrop year-round. For more detailed information, visit Southeast Sulawesi climate.
The climate in West Java, Indonesia is characterized by a tropical ambiance, where temperatures fluctuate within a comfortable range of 12°C to 38°C (54°F to 101°F) throughout the year. The warmest months are typically October and November, peaking at 38°C (101°F), while the cooler temperatures can dip to around 12°C (54°F) in July and August. Rainfall is abundant, especially during the wet season from January to March, with January receiving about 385 mm (15.2 in) of precipitation, creating a lush, vibrant landscape. Humidity remains high, averaging around 80%, which adds to the tropical feel of the region. For a deeper dive into the region’s weather patterns, visit West Java climate.
West Kalimantan, Indonesia, is known for its humid tropical climate, where temperatures consistently hover between 20°C (68°F) and 36°C (97°F) throughout the year. With the highest averages often reaching 38°C (100°F) in August, the warmth is complemented by significant rainfall, especially during the wet months of October and November, when precipitation can exceed 340 mm (13.5 in). Humidity remains high, peaking at around 87% during the early months but gradually decreasing over the summer. This climate not only shapes the lush landscapes of the region but also influences the vibrant biodiversity that thrives here. For more insights on the weather patterns, visit West Kalimantan climate.
Nestled in the heart of Indonesia, West Nusa Tenggara boasts a tropical climate characterized by warm temperatures and varying humidity. Throughout the year, daytime highs hover around 32-35°C (90-95°F), while nights offer a refreshing respite with lows dipping to 15-21°C (59-70°F). The rainy season kicks off in December and lingers through April, peaking in January and February with substantial rainfall, over 300 mm (11.8 in) in some months, while the dry season brings much lighter showers. Despite the moisture, humidity stays high, particularly in the wet months, making it feel quite muggy. For a deeper dive into the region's weather patterns, explore the West Nusa Tenggara climate.
West Papua, Indonesia, experiences a tropical climate characterized by warm temperatures throughout the year, with averages hovering around 26°C (79°F) and highs peaking at 35°C (95°F). The region sees its heaviest rainfall from March to April, with precipitation exceeding 390 mm in some months, resulting in a lush, verdant landscape. High humidity levels, often around 81% to 86%, contribute to the region's rich biodiversity but can make the air feel quite muggy. Travelers should prepare for both the heat and the rain, ensuring they enjoy the beauty of West Papua's stunning environment. For a detailed look into year-round conditions, visit West Papua climate.
Nestled in the heart of Indonesia, West Sulawesi experiences a tropical climate marked by warm temperatures and substantial rainfall throughout the year. From January to December, the average temperatures hover around a comfortable 26°C (79°F), with maximums peaking at 33°C (92°F) in the hottest months. While the humidity stays relatively high, ranging from 78% to 86%, the region transforms as copious rainfall sweeps in, particularly from April to June, where precipitation can reach up to 298 mm (11.7 in). The lush landscapes and vibrant ecosystems thrive under these conditions, making West Sulawesi a captivating destination for nature lovers and adventurers alike. For more details, visit the West Sulawesi climate.
Nestled in Indonesia, West Sumatra boasts a tropical climate characterized by warm temperatures and abundant rainfall year-round. January through April sees temperatures averaging around 24°C (75°F), with maximums peaking at 35°C (96°F) and humidity often hovering above 80%. The monsoon months, particularly November, bring heavy precipitation, accumulating over 400 mm (15.8 in), making it one of the wettest times of the year. Despite the rain, the vibrant greens of the lush landscapes thrive, creating a stunning backdrop for exploration. For more detailed information, visit West Sumatra climate.
Yogyakarta, Indonesia, boasts a tropical climate characterized by warm temperatures and high humidity year-round. With averages hovering around 26°C (79°F) and peaks reaching up to 35°C (95°F), the city experiences its warmest months from April to October. This period also sees a notable drop in rainfall, especially in July and August, making it ideal for outdoor adventures. However, the rainy season from November to March brings heavier downpours and humidity levels reaching 85%, providing a lush backdrop to this vibrant cultural hub. Discover more about the unique rhythm of the weather in Yogyakarta by visiting Yogyakarta climate.
The climate of Indonesia showcases a remarkable diversity, characterized by a broad temperature range and varying precipitation levels across its many islands. From the brisk minimum of 5°C (41°F) in June in Papua to the sweltering high of 39°C (103°F) in December in South Sulawesi, the islands offer a unique tapestry of weather experiences. Rainfall also fluctuates dramatically, with just 14 mm (0.5 in) in August in East Nusa Tenggara contrasted by a staggering 474 mm (18.7 in) in November in Aceh. This climatic variety is coupled with humidity levels that can soar as high as 91% in January in North Kalimantan, making the balance between dry and wet seasons vital for local ecosystems and agriculture. Overall, Indonesia's climate trends underline not only the complexity of its weather patterns but also the profound impact they have on its rich biodiversity and cultural practices.