Last updated: January 18, 2025
North Sumatra, Indonesia, is characterized by its tropical rainforest climate classified under the Köppen-Geiger system as Af. This region experiences a year-round warm temperature profile, with a minimum of 14°C (57°F) recorded in January, while the average temperature hovers around 24°C (76°F). Remarkably, the hottest month is August, where temperatures can peak at a scorching 38°C (100°F). Such climatic conditions foster a rich biodiversity, making North Sumatra a vital area for both ecological studies and conservation efforts.
In North Sumatra, Indonesia, temperature patterns reveal a consistent warm climate throughout the year, with minimal fluctuation. January marks the coldest month, starting with a minimum of 14°C (57°F) and gradually warming up to a maximum of 35°C (95°F). As the year advances into March and April, temperatures begin to rise, peaking with maximums reaching 37°C (98°F) to 38°C (100°F) in the late summer months of August and October. Despite the slight variations, the average monthly temperature remains stable around 24°C (76°F). The transition from cooler to warmer conditions is subtle, with the temperature generally hovering between 14°C (57°F) to 16°C (61°F) at night, reflecting a typical tropical climate that supports a lush ecosystem year-round.
In Berastagi, temperatures range from a minimum of 16°C (60°F) in July to a maximum of 31°C (88°F) in June, offering a warm but comfortable climate. Parapat experiences a minimum temperature of 17°C (63°F) in August, with highs reaching 32°C (89°F) in June, making it one of the warmest months. Meanwhile, Tuktuk Sonak has a minimum of 17°C (62°F) in January and peaks at 29°C (85°F) also in June, providing ideal conditions for visitors. For more detailed weather insights, explore the monthly temperatures in Berastagi, monthly temperatures in Parapat, and monthly temperatures in Tuktuk Sonak.
North Sumatra experiences significant rainfall throughout the year, reflective of its tropical rainforest climate. The wettest months occur from November to March, with precipitation peaking in November at 414 mm (16.3 in) over 28 days. This is closely followed by October and September, which receive 312 mm (12.3 in) and 302 mm (11.9 in), respectively. Interestingly, the month of April also sees high levels of rainfall, averaging 281 mm (11.1 in) over 27 days, further emphasizing the region's extended wet season.
The precipitation pattern also reveals a slight reduction in rainfall during the mid-year months of June and July, with averages around 182 mm (7.2 in) to 184 mm (7.2 in), constituting the driest period. However, the rains often return with vigor in August, when 212 mm (8.4 in) falls over 22 days. Overall, while North Sumatra sees considerable rainfall year-round, the monthly variability highlights distinct wet and dry seasons that play a crucial role in shaping its lush biodiversity and agricultural practices.
In North Sumatra, Indonesia, sunshine duration exhibits a notable seasonal trend, with an overall increase in hours as the region transitions from the wetter months into the drier season. The year kicks off with 233 hours of sunshine in January, gradually increasing to its peak in March with 305 hours—signaling the arrival of the dry season. Following March, the hours remain relatively high, with Juli receiving 307 hours and August slightly trailing at 306 hours, illustrating the prolonged period of ample sunlight typical of the mid-year months.
Conversely, as the year approaches its end, a decline in sunshine hours becomes evident. Both November and December showcase the least amount of sunshine, with 231 hours and 269 hours, respectively. This shift not only aligns with the increased rainfall during these months but also indicates the climatic transition that North Sumatra undergoes. Overall, the interplay between sunshine duration and precipitation significantly influences the region's agricultural cycles and natural ecosystems, highlighting the importance of understanding these patterns for both local livelihoods and environmental conservation efforts.
The ultraviolet (UV) index in North Sumatra, Indonesia, remains consistently high throughout the year, indicating a significant risk of harm from unprotected sun exposure. January begins with a UV index of 15, escalating to a peak of 17 in both March and April. This period reflects extreme UV exposure, with a recommended burn time of just 10 minutes, underscoring the necessity for proper sun protection during these months. Even the late summer months of August and September maintain elevated UV levels, hovering around 15-16, which demands vigilance from both locals and visitors alike.
As the year progresses into the latter months, the UV index experiences a slight decline but remains in the extreme category. June and July record UV indexes of 13, while December sees a similar level. Despite this reduction, the persistent extreme ratings throughout the year emphasize the need for continuous UV awareness. Individuals should take protective measures regardless of the season, particularly during the peak months when the potential for sunburn is exceptionally high, reinforcing the importance of sun safety in North Sumatra's tropical climate.
UV Risk Categories
In North Sumatra, Indonesia, daylight duration exhibits a relatively stable pattern throughout the year, highlighting the area's proximity to the equator. January starts with 11 hours of daylight, which gradually increases to a consistent 12 hours from February through October. This consistent sunlight allows for a predictable daily rhythm, contributing to the region's distinct tropical environment. The shift towards longer daylight in the early months is less pronounced than in temperate regions, reflecting the equatorial dynamics where variations in daylight are minimal.
As the year comes to a close, daylight duration tapers off again, returning to 11 hours in both November and December. This reduction aligns with the onset of the rainy season, when cloud cover can often obscure sunlight. The stable daylight hours throughout much of the year benefit agriculture and biodiversity, providing consistent conditions that support various crops and natural habitats. Understanding these patterns is crucial for planning agricultural activities and conservation efforts in North Sumatra's rich ecosystems.
Berastagi, Indonesia experiences a mild and humid climate with temperatures ranging from a minimum of 16°C (61°F) in the cooler months to a maximum of 31°C (88°F) during the warmer periods. The region receives substantial rainfall, peaking at 407 mm (16.0 in) in November, and averages between 170 mm (6.7 in) and 323 mm (12.7 in) throughout the year. Sunshine hours vary, reaching a high of 311 hours in July, which contrasts sharply with the lower total of 228 hours in November. This combination of warmth, precipitation, and sunlight contributes to Berastagi's lush landscape. For more detailed information, visit Berastagi climate.
Parapat, Indonesia experiences a tropical climate characterized by warm temperatures consistently ranging from 17°C to 32°C throughout the year. January through March tends to be wetter, with significant rainfall peaking in November at 386 mm, while sunshine hours are highest in March with 305 hours. Though precipitation varies, the region generally sees heavy rainfall during the wet season, particularly from May to November. For more detailed information, visit Parapat climate.
Tuktuk Sonak, Indonesia, experiences a tropical climate characterized by warm temperatures and significant rainfall. Average monthly temperatures range from 21°C (71°F) to 23°C (73°F), with maximums typically peaking at 29°C (84°F) during the warmer months. Rainfall is most abundant from October to December, with November receiving up to 322 mm (12.7 in) of precipitation. Despite the rain, sunshine is ample, particularly in March and July, when residents enjoy over 300 hours of sunlight. For more detailed information, visit Tuktuk Sonak climate.
In conclusion, North Sumatra's climate, characterized by high temperatures, significant rainfall, and consistent daylight hours, plays a vital role in shaping its rich biodiversity and agricultural practices. The region experiences extreme UV exposure year-round, necessitating awareness and protective measures to safeguard against harmful sun effects. Furthermore, the stable daylight duration throughout most of the year, coupled with distinct wet and dry seasons, provides a predictable environment that supports both local livelihoods and ecological balance. As global climate patterns continue to shift, ongoing monitoring of these climatic factors will be essential for effective management and conservation strategies in this unique tropical landscape.