North Sumatra Climate

Last updated: January 18, 2025

North Sumatra, Indonesia, is characterized by its tropical rainforest climate classified under the Köppen-Geiger system as Af. This region experiences a year-round warm temperature profile, with a minimum of 14°C (57°F) recorded in January, while the average temperature hovers around 24°C (76°F). Remarkably, the hottest month is August, where temperatures can peak at a scorching 38°C (100°F). Such climatic conditions foster a rich biodiversity, making North Sumatra a vital area for both ecological studies and conservation efforts.

North Sumatra temperature by month

In North Sumatra, Indonesia, temperature patterns reveal a consistent warm climate throughout the year, with minimal fluctuation. January marks the coldest month, starting with a minimum of 14°C (57°F) and gradually warming up to a maximum of 35°C (95°F). As the year advances into March and April, temperatures begin to rise, peaking with maximums reaching 37°C (98°F) to 38°C (100°F) in the late summer months of August and October. Despite the slight variations, the average monthly temperature remains stable around 24°C (76°F). The transition from cooler to warmer conditions is subtle, with the temperature generally hovering between 14°C (57°F) to 16°C (61°F) at night, reflecting a typical tropical climate that supports a lush ecosystem year-round.

Monthly Temperatures in North Sumatra, Indonesia

The chart illustrates North Sumatra's temperature patterns throughout the year, with values aggregated from various locations across the region. It highlights seasonal variations and temperature changes across the months.
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec757676777777767675757575
Data source: North Sumatra temperature data aggregated from multiple regional locations, generated using Copernicus Climate Change Service information.
Choose your preferred temperature unit
The average of daily temperatures (24 hours) calculated across all days in the month.

In Berastagi, temperatures range from a minimum of 16°C (60°F) in July to a maximum of 31°C (88°F) in June, offering a warm but comfortable climate. Parapat experiences a minimum temperature of 17°C (63°F) in August, with highs reaching 32°C (89°F) in June, making it one of the warmest months. Meanwhile, Tuktuk Sonak has a minimum of 17°C (62°F) in January and peaks at 29°C (85°F) also in June, providing ideal conditions for visitors. For more detailed weather insights, explore the monthly temperatures in Berastagi, monthly temperatures in Parapat, and monthly temperatures in Tuktuk Sonak.

Precipitation Patterns in North Sumatra

North Sumatra experiences significant rainfall throughout the year, reflective of its tropical rainforest climate. The wettest months occur from November to March, with precipitation peaking in November at 414 mm (16.3 in) over 28 days. This is closely followed by October and September, which receive 312 mm (12.3 in) and 302 mm (11.9 in), respectively. Interestingly, the month of April also sees high levels of rainfall, averaging 281 mm (11.1 in) over 27 days, further emphasizing the region's extended wet season.

The precipitation pattern also reveals a slight reduction in rainfall during the mid-year months of June and July, with averages around 182 mm (7.2 in) to 184 mm (7.2 in), constituting the driest period. However, the rains often return with vigor in August, when 212 mm (8.4 in) falls over 22 days. Overall, while North Sumatra sees considerable rainfall year-round, the monthly variability highlights distinct wet and dry seasons that play a crucial role in shaping its lush biodiversity and agricultural practices.

Monthly Average Precipitation in North Sumatra, Indonesia

The average monthly precipitation in North Sumatra, providing insights into seasonal rainfall patterns and the region's precipitation trends throughout the year.
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec204172245281279182184212302312414337
Data source: North Sumatra precipitation data aggregated from multiple regional locations, generated using Copernicus Climate Change Service information.
Choose your preferred precipitation unit

Sunshine Duration in North Sumatra

In North Sumatra, Indonesia, sunshine duration exhibits a notable seasonal trend, with an overall increase in hours as the region transitions from the wetter months into the drier season. The year kicks off with 233 hours of sunshine in January, gradually increasing to its peak in March with 305 hours—signaling the arrival of the dry season. Following March, the hours remain relatively high, with Juli receiving 307 hours and August slightly trailing at 306 hours, illustrating the prolonged period of ample sunlight typical of the mid-year months.

Conversely, as the year approaches its end, a decline in sunshine hours becomes evident. Both November and December showcase the least amount of sunshine, with 231 hours and 269 hours, respectively. This shift not only aligns with the increased rainfall during these months but also indicates the climatic transition that North Sumatra undergoes. Overall, the interplay between sunshine duration and precipitation significantly influences the region's agricultural cycles and natural ecosystems, highlighting the importance of understanding these patterns for both local livelihoods and environmental conservation efforts.

Monthly Sunshine in North Sumatra, Indonesia

Monthly sunshine duration represents the total hours of direct sunlight North Sumatra receives each month, excluding periods when the sun is obscured by clouds or other obstructions.
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec233h288h305h273h281h297h307h306h280h272h231h269h
Data source: North Sumatra sunshine duration data aggregated from multiple regional locations, generated using Copernicus Climate Change Service information.

North Sumatra UV Index Trends

The ultraviolet (UV) index in North Sumatra, Indonesia, remains consistently high throughout the year, indicating a significant risk of harm from unprotected sun exposure. January begins with a UV index of 15, escalating to a peak of 17 in both March and April. This period reflects extreme UV exposure, with a recommended burn time of just 10 minutes, underscoring the necessity for proper sun protection during these months. Even the late summer months of August and September maintain elevated UV levels, hovering around 15-16, which demands vigilance from both locals and visitors alike.

As the year progresses into the latter months, the UV index experiences a slight decline but remains in the extreme category. June and July record UV indexes of 13, while December sees a similar level. Despite this reduction, the persistent extreme ratings throughout the year emphasize the need for continuous UV awareness. Individuals should take protective measures regardless of the season, particularly during the peak months when the potential for sunburn is exceptionally high, reinforcing the importance of sun safety in North Sumatra's tropical climate.

Monthly Maximum UV Index for North Sumatra, Indonesia

The monthly maximum UV Index (UVI) represents the highest UV radiation level recorded each month in North Sumatra. It measures the strength of ultraviolet radiation from the sun and helps assess the risk of sunburn and UV-related health issues.
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec151617171613131516151413
Data source: North Sumatra UV Index data aggregated from multiple regional locations, generated using Copernicus Climate Change Service information.

UV Risk Categories

  •  Extreme (11+): Avoid the sun, stay in shade.
  •  Very High (8-10): Limit sun exposure.
  •  High (6-7): Use SPF 30+ and protective clothing.
  •  Moderate (3-5): Midday shade recommended.
  •  Low (0-2): No protection needed.

Daylight Hours in North Sumatra

In North Sumatra, Indonesia, daylight duration exhibits a relatively stable pattern throughout the year, highlighting the area's proximity to the equator. January starts with 11 hours of daylight, which gradually increases to a consistent 12 hours from February through October. This consistent sunlight allows for a predictable daily rhythm, contributing to the region's distinct tropical environment. The shift towards longer daylight in the early months is less pronounced than in temperate regions, reflecting the equatorial dynamics where variations in daylight are minimal.

As the year comes to a close, daylight duration tapers off again, returning to 11 hours in both November and December. This reduction aligns with the onset of the rainy season, when cloud cover can often obscure sunlight. The stable daylight hours throughout much of the year benefit agriculture and biodiversity, providing consistent conditions that support various crops and natural habitats. Understanding these patterns is crucial for planning agricultural activities and conservation efforts in North Sumatra's rich ecosystems.

Average Monthly Daylight Hours in North Sumatra, Indonesia

This chart shows the total daylight hours North Sumatra receives each month, calculated by summing the hours between sunrise and sunset.
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec11h 58m12h 1m12h 4m12h 8m12h 12m12h 14m12h 13m12h 9m12h 6m12h 2m11h 59m11h 58m
Data source: North Sumatra daylight hours, calculated based on aggregated data for various regional locations, determined by the times between sunrise and sunset.

Climate Highlights of North Sumatra's Popular Destinations

Berastagi, Indonesia experiences a mild and humid climate with temperatures ranging from a minimum of 16°C (61°F) in the cooler months to a maximum of 31°C (88°F) during the warmer periods. The region receives substantial rainfall, peaking at 407 mm (16.0 in) in November, and averages between 170 mm (6.7 in) and 323 mm (12.7 in) throughout the year. Sunshine hours vary, reaching a high of 311 hours in July, which contrasts sharply with the lower total of 228 hours in November. This combination of warmth, precipitation, and sunlight contributes to Berastagi's lush landscape. For more detailed information, visit Berastagi climate.

Parapat, Indonesia experiences a tropical climate characterized by warm temperatures consistently ranging from 17°C to 32°C throughout the year. January through March tends to be wetter, with significant rainfall peaking in November at 386 mm, while sunshine hours are highest in March with 305 hours. Though precipitation varies, the region generally sees heavy rainfall during the wet season, particularly from May to November. For more detailed information, visit Parapat climate.

Tuktuk Sonak, Indonesia, experiences a tropical climate characterized by warm temperatures and significant rainfall. Average monthly temperatures range from 21°C (71°F) to 23°C (73°F), with maximums typically peaking at 29°C (84°F) during the warmer months. Rainfall is most abundant from October to December, with November receiving up to 322 mm (12.7 in) of precipitation. Despite the rain, sunshine is ample, particularly in March and July, when residents enjoy over 300 hours of sunlight. For more detailed information, visit Tuktuk Sonak climate.

Conclusion

In conclusion, North Sumatra's climate, characterized by high temperatures, significant rainfall, and consistent daylight hours, plays a vital role in shaping its rich biodiversity and agricultural practices. The region experiences extreme UV exposure year-round, necessitating awareness and protective measures to safeguard against harmful sun effects. Furthermore, the stable daylight duration throughout most of the year, coupled with distinct wet and dry seasons, provides a predictable environment that supports both local livelihoods and ecological balance. As global climate patterns continue to shift, ongoing monitoring of these climatic factors will be essential for effective management and conservation strategies in this unique tropical landscape.

Discover the Climate of North Sumatra's Places

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