Last updated: April 14, 2025
Estonia's climate is characterized by significant temperature fluctuations and varying precipitation throughout the year. The coldest month, December, can see temperatures plunging to a chilling -29°C (-20°F) in Võrumaa, while summer brings warmth as June can reach a sizzling 34°C (94°F) in Pärnumaa. Precipitation levels vary notably, with a low of 32 mm (1.3 in) noted in April in Hiiumaa, sharply increasing to a maximum of 116 mm (4.6 in) in October in Lääne. Humidity levels also play a crucial role, ranging from an average minimum of 70% in May in Võrumaa to a staggering maximum of 95% in January in Ida-Virumaa, making Estonia's weather a notable aspect of its natural beauty and diverse landscape.
Estonia showcases a temperate continental climate classified under the Köppen-Geiger system as Dfb. This classification is consistent across its various regions, including Harjumaa, Hiiumaa, Ida-Virumaa, and more. Characterized by warm summers and cold winters, this climate offers a rich tapestry of seasonal changes. From the lush, vibrant landscapes of Pärnumaa in summer to the serene, frosty beauty of Saare in winter, Estonia’s climate is integral to its picturesque scenery and ecological diversity. Each region, including Tartu and Viljandimaa, shares this climatic hallmark, making it a unique blend of natural beauty and captivating weather patterns.
| Climate Zone | Description |
|---|---|
| Dfb | Humid continental climate with warm summers and cold winters. |
Estonia's climate showcases a striking contrast throughout the year, with temperatures ranging widely from winter's chill to summer's warmth. In January, the mercury dips to an icy -25°C (-12°F) in Valgamaa, while February brings even colder nights, reaching -28°C (-19°F) in Lääne-Virumaa. As spring approaches, temperatures steadily rise, with March seeing a minimum of -24°C (-10°F) in Raplamaa and a maximum of 14°C (58°F) in Põlvamaa. By April, the climate shifts pleasantly with highs of 24°C (76°F) in Valgamaa. The transition into summer culminates in June and July, where the sun's warmth reaches peaks of 34°C (94°F) and 33°C (91°F) in Pärnumaa and Ida-Virumaa respectively. However, the onset of autumn brings a rapid decline, with September dropping to a chilly -3°C (26°F) in Pärnumaa. As November sets in, temperatures venture into freezing territory again, seeing lows of -11°C (13°F) in Ida-Virumaa. The year closes with December plunging to a frigid -29°C (-20°F) in Võrumaa, underlining Estonia's dynamic temperature landscape that fluctuates dramatically from season to season.
Estonia experiences a diverse range of precipitation patterns throughout the year, with notable variations between seasons. The minimum precipitation occurs in April, with just 32 mm (1.3 in) recorded in Hiiumaa, while the maximum peaks in October at 116 mm (4.6 in) in Lääne, highlighting the autumn's significant role in replenishing water sources. This month also stands out for its frequency of rainy days, boasting up to 18 days of rain, compared to just 7 days in June in Saare. These trends underscore a clear seasonal shift, where spring dryness gives way to a wetter autumn, providing essential moisture before the colder months set in.
Estonia's humidity levels showcase a notable variation throughout the year, influenced by seasonal changes and geographical locations. In May, regions like Võrumaa experience a relatively comfortable minimum humidity of 70%, marking the onset of warmer weather. However, this comfort is eclipsed in the depths of winter, particularly in January when Ida-Virumaa reaches maximum humidity levels of 95%. This stark contrast highlights a trend where humidity peaks during the colder months, often accompanied by a chill in the air, while spring begins to offer a respite with more moderate moisture levels, paving the way for refreshing changes in the Estonian climate.
Estonia experiences notable consistency in its UV index trends during the summer months, particularly in June and July. Both Harjumaa and Võrumaa report an average daily maximum UV index of 7, indicating a significant level of solar radiation that residents and visitors should be mindful of. This trend underscores the importance of sun safety during this peak season, as the elevated UV levels in these regions suggest the need for protective measures to avoid harmful effects while enjoying the great outdoors.
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Sunshine duration in Estonia exhibits a striking seasonal contrast, with the cold winter months offering only a fleeting glimpse of sunlight. For instance, Ida-Virumaa sees a mere 48 hours of sunshine in December, while Saare experiences a slightly better 76 hours in January. However, the tables turn dramatically as summer approaches; June bathes regions like Võrumaa and Harjumaa in abundant sunlight, boasting 449 and 484 hours, respectively. This shift highlights how Estonia's climate transforms with the seasons, contrasting the short, dark days of winter with the lush, sun-soaked hours of summer.
When considering the likelihood of sunny weather in Estonia, a striking contrast emerges between the chill of winter and the warmth of summer. In January, the sunny days in Järvamaa are scarce, with only a mere 5% chance of sunshine, making it a time for gray skies and frosty air. However, the situation transforms dramatically come June, especially in Saare, where residents enjoy a robust 62% likelihood of sunny weather. This clear progression from winter's gloom to summer's light not only highlights the seasonal shifts in Estonia's climate but also invites outdoor enthusiasts to embrace the vibrant long days of summer with open arms.
In Estonia, the contrast between daylight hours is striking, particularly in the region of Ida-Virumaa. During the depths of December, residents experience a mere 6 hours of daylight, creating a cozy yet sometimes challenging atmosphere as the long nights set in. Conversely, by June, the situation flips dramatically, with daylight extending to an impressive 18 hours. This shift not only influences daily activities but also highlights the enchanting beauty of Estonia's summer nights, where the sun lingers long into the evening. Such fluctuations in daylight serve as a reminder of the country's unique position in the Baltic region and its diverse seasonal experiences.
Harjumaa, Estonia, experiences a distinctly varied climate, characterized by cold winters and warm summers. January and February often see temperatures plummeting to as low as -28°C (-18°F), while July and August can bring delightful warmth, reaching highs of up to 31°C (88°F). Rainfall is notably highest in late summer, with August averaging 106 mm (4.2 in), contributing to a generally humid atmosphere, especially in the colder months where humidity levels hover around 91%. As the seasons transition, the region transforms beautifully, making it an engaging destination year-round. For a deeper dive into the climate trends, visit Harjumaa climate.
Nestled in the northern reaches of Estonia, Hiiumaa experiences a diverse climate characterized by cold winters and mild summers. January and February bring the chill, with temperatures often dipping as low as -19°C (1°F) and high humidity levels hovering around 91%. As spring arrives, temperatures gradually rise, peaking in July and August at a pleasant 18°C to 31°C (65°F to 89°F), making it an ideal time for outdoor adventures. However, be prepared for significant rainfall in late summer and autumn, particularly in October when precipitation can reach 96 mm (3.8 in). For a deeper dive into the seasonal variations and weather patterns, visit Hiiumaa climate.
Ida-Virumaa, Estonia, showcases a dynamic climate with stark contrasts throughout the year. Winters can be particularly harsh, with temperatures plummeting as low as -25°C (-13°F) in February, paired with high humidity levels around 93%. As spring unfolds, milder weather brings average temperatures rising to 4°C (40°F) in April, and by summer, the region basks in warmth, with maxima reaching 33°C (92°F) in July. However, summers aren't without their rain; August sees the highest precipitation at 92 mm (3.6 in), making this variegated climate an intriguing subject for any weather enthusiast. For a more detailed exploration, check out Ida-Virumaa climate.
The climate in Järvamaa, Estonia, is marked by its stark seasonal contrasts, ranging from the biting cold of January with temperatures plunging to a chilling -28°C (-19°F), to the warm embrace of July, where averages rise to a pleasant 18°C (64°F). Precipitation varies throughout the year, with the summer months, especially August, experiencing the highest rainfall at 103 mm (4.0 in), providing lush greenery in contrast to the snowy winters. Despite its frigid winters and humid conditions, with January boasting humidity levels of 95%, the transition into spring and summer offers a refreshing reprieve. Discover more about the fascinating weather patterns of this unique region by visiting Järvamaa climate.
Jõgevamaa, Estonia, experiences a diverse climate that showcases the stark beauty of each season. Winters are particularly harsh, with temperatures plummeting as low as -27°C (-16°F) in February, while high humidity levels around 93% can create a biting chill. As spring blooms, the mercury gently rises, peaking at a pleasant 23°C (73°F) in April, paving the way for summers that can reach up to 32°C (90°F) in July, alongside increasing rainfall, especially in August. With autumn transitions marked by cooler temperatures and variable precipitation, the climate here is a tapestry reflecting the raw essence of nature. For more detailed insights, check out the Jõgevamaa climate.
Lääne, Estonia experiences a dramatic range of temperatures throughout the year, with chilly winters that dip as low as -25°C (-13°F) in February, contrasting with warm summers where highs reach 32°C (89°F) in June. Precipitation varies significantly, particularly in late summer and autumn, with August and October witnessing the heaviest rainfall at 108 mm (4.3 in) and 116 mm (4.6 in) respectively. The region's high humidity, peaking at 92% in January, enhances the frosty winter chill but gives way to a more comfortable atmosphere during the milder months. With its unique blend of seasonal extremes, Lääne's climate offers a captivating experience throughout the year—discover more at Lääne climate.
The climate in Lääne-Virumaa, Estonia offers a dramatic seasonal landscape, where winters can plummet to a chilly -28°C (-19°F) in February, contrasted by summer highs reaching a balmy 32°C (89°F) in July. Visitors will experience crisp, humid winters with an average humidity of around 95% in January, while summer months boast moderate humidity levels. Rainfall gradually intensifies from 42 mm (1.7 in) in January to a peak of 95 mm (3.7 in) in August, ensuring the region remains lush and vibrant. Such climatic contrasts make Lääne-Virumaa an enchanting destination year-round. Discover more about this captivating climate at Lääne-Virumaa climate.
Nestled in Estonia, Pärnumaa experiences a climate that starkly contrasts its biting winters with pleasantly warm summers. In January and February, temperatures can drop as low as -27°C (-17°F), accompanied by high humidity levels, creating a frosty wonderland. As spring arrives, the region transforms, with average temperatures climbing to 11°C (52°F) by May, ushering in sporadic rain that peaks in the summer months. With July seeing maximums around 33°C (91°F), the humidity remains a constant companion, ensuring a lush landscape. This dynamic climate offers a captivating backdrop for all seasons, making Pärnumaa climate a fascinating study of nature's rhythms.
Nestled in Estonia, Põlvamaa experiences a climate characterized by cold winters and mild summers. January and February bring biting temperatures, often plunging below -24°C (-10°F), while snowfall and high humidity (around 94%) create a winter wonderland. As spring approaches, temperatures begin to rise, with April showcasing a delightful transition to average highs of 23°C (74°F). Summers are pleasantly warm, reaching up to 32°C (91°F) in July, making it a perfect time to explore the region's lush landscapes. For a detailed look at what to expect throughout the year, check out the Põlvamaa climate.
Nestled in the verdant landscapes of Estonia, Raplamaa experiences a distinct continental climate characterized by cold winters and warm summers. January and February chill with temperatures plummeting to lows of -28°C (-18°F), while July and August delight with pleasant highs around 31°C (88°F), offering a stark contrast that defines the region's seasonal charm. Precipitation peaks in late summer, particularly in August, with 110 mm (4.3 in) of rain, contributing to the lush greenery. Humidity varies throughout the year, lingering around 80% during the warmer months but soaring to 92% in the depths of winter, emphasizing the region's crisp air. For a deeper dive into the fascinating weather patterns of this captivating area, explore the Raplamaa climate.
Saare, Estonia, experiences a distinct climatic rhythm throughout the year, marked by cold winters and mild summers. January and February see biting lows, often dipping as low as -19°C (2°F), while high humidity levels hover around 90%, creating a frosty ambiance. As spring approaches, temperatures gradually rise, peaking at a pleasant 27°C (81°F) in May. Summer dazzles with warmth, particularly in July, when the mercury can soar to 31°C (89°F), accompanied by higher precipitation levels. For a detailed look at Saare’s weather patterns, explore Saare climate.
Tartu, Estonia, experiences a distinct seasonal climate that captivates with its contrasts. Winters can be biting, with January temperatures dipping as low as -26°C (-15°F), while summer months like July bask in warmth, averaging 18°C (65°F). Rainfall peaks in late summer, particularly in August, when the city sees about 81 mm (3.2 in) of precipitation, contributing to typically high humidity levels, especially in winter where it can reach up to 95%. As the seasons change, Tartu's charm evolves, making each visit a unique experience in this vibrant Estonian city. For a detailed look at Tartu's weather patterns, check out Tartu climate.
Valgamaa, Estonia, experiences a captivating climate marked by sharp seasonal contrasts. In winter, temperatures can plummet to a chilling -28°C (-19°F) in December, while the humidity remains high, often above 90%, creating a frosty yet enchanting landscape. As spring arrives, milder weather emerges, peaking with delightful 22°C (72°F) highs in June, inviting outdoor adventures amid blooming nature. The summers bring warmth and increased precipitation, particularly in July and August, when rainfall can reach 79 mm (3.1 in) and temperatures hover around 32°C (90°F). For more details about the intriguing weather patterns in this picturesque region, explore the complete Valgamaa climate information.
Nestled in the heart of Estonia, Viljandimaa experiences a distinct seasonal tapestry, with cold winters and mild summers. January and February can plunge to frigid lows of -27°C (-16°F), contrasting the warmth of July and August, where temperatures peak around 31°C (88°F). The region enjoys diverse precipitation throughout the year, with rainfall soaring to its height in August, averaging 96 mm (3.8 in), before easing into drier months. Humidity levels are generally high during winter, often exceeding 90%, while summer brings a refreshing, albeit slightly humid, atmosphere. For a detailed insight into this charming locale's weather patterns, visit Viljandimaa climate.
Võrumaa, Estonia, experiences a diverse climate marked by cold winters and mild summers. January and February are particularly frosty, with temperatures plunging to a chilling -25°C (-12°F) at times, while the average highs hover around -3°C (27°F). As spring arrives, temperatures gradually rise, peaking in July with averages around 18°C (64°F) and maximums reaching 31°C (88°F). Precipitation is fairly distributed throughout the year, with August often seeing the highest rainfall at 90 mm (3.6 in), contributing to the area’s lush landscapes. For a deeper look into the region's weather patterns, check out the detailed Võrumaa climate.
The climate of Estonia showcases a remarkable range, highlighted by temperature extremes that plunge to a frigid minimum of -29°C (-20°F) in December within Võrumaa and soar to a scorching 34°C (94°F) in June in Pärnumaa. Monthly precipitation varies significantly throughout the year, with a sparse 32 mm (1.3 in) recorded in April in Hiiumaa contrasting sharply with the peak of 116 mm (4.6 in) observed in October in Lääne. Humidity levels also fluctuate, ranging from an average low of 70% in May in Võrumaa to a humid 95% in January in Ida-Virumaa. This dynamic climate not only shapes Estonia's seasonal beauty but also presents unique challenges and opportunities for its inhabitants throughout the year.