Last updated: April 14, 2025
Saudi Arabia's climate is characterized by extreme temperature fluctuations and varying precipitation patterns across its regions. The northern Al Jawf Region can see frigid minimum temperatures dipping to -4°C (25°F) in February, while the Eastern Province experiences scorching maximums soaring to 51°C (123°F) in July. Rainfall is scarce, with the Al Jawf Region recording as little as 0 mm (0.0 in) of precipitation in August, contrasting with a peak of 101 mm (4.0 in) in September in the Al Bahah Region. Humidity levels also vary significantly, ranging from an arid average minimum of 11% in August in the Tabuk Region to a more humid 65% in the same month in the Jazan Region. This dramatic climate diversity plays a critical role in shaping the natural landscape and human activities across the kingdom.
Saudi Arabia is characterized by diverse climate zones, predominantly classified under the Köppen-Geiger system. Most regions, such as the Al Bahah, Al Jawf, Al-Qassim, Eastern Province, Ha'il, Jazan, Mecca, Medina, Najran, Northern Borders, Riyadh, and Tabuk, fall under the BWh category, indicating a hot desert climate with minimal rainfall. Only the Asir Region presents a slightly different classification, featuring BWk, showcasing a more tempered climate. This climatic variety influences not only the natural landscape but also the unique cultural and economic activities across the kingdom. Each region offers its own distinct experience shaped by its climate, making Saudi Arabia a land of contrasts and rich diversity.
| Climate Zone | Description |
|---|---|
| BWh | Hot desert climate with extremely low rainfall and high temperatures. |
| BWk | Cold desert climate with low rainfall and cold temperatures. |
Saudi Arabia's temperature varies dramatically throughout the year, showcasing a fascinating contrast from its chilly northern regions to the scorching heat of the east. In January, for instance, the Northern Borders Region can experience minimum temperatures as low as -4°C (25°F), while Mecca Region heats up to a balmy 34°C (94°F). As the months progress, February sees temperatures climbing further, with the same region hitting a maximum of 38°C (100°F). By March and April, the heat intensifies, particularly in the Eastern Province, where temperatures can soar to a blistering 43°C (109°F) and maintain that peak through May with a record high of 47°C (117°F). Then comes the sizzling summer, with June and July bringing extremes—up to 51°C (123°F)—before the weather shows slight relief in August and September, tapering down to 48°C (118°F). As autumn rolls in, October offers cooler nights, dropping to 7°C (44°F) in the North, while still hitting 45°C (112°F) in the East. By November and December, temperatures begin to dip more significantly, with nighttime lows reaching as low as -2°C (29°F) in the Northern Borders Region. This yearly cycle emphasizes the kingdom’s diverse climatic zones, proving that Saudi Arabia offers a temperature experience as varied as its landscapes.
Precipitation patterns in Saudi Arabia reveal a stark yet fascinating contrast across regions and months. The Al Jawf Region sees a complete lack of rainfall in August, recording a minimum of 0 mm, while the Al Bahah Region experiences its wettest month in September, receiving a generous 101 mm. This disparity in precipitation is further highlighted by the number of rainfall days; for instance, the 'Asir Region enjoys 0 days of rain in January, contrasting sharply with Al Bahah's 19 days of rain in August. Such variations not only underscore the diverse climatic conditions across the kingdom but also emphasize the seasonal extremes that characterize Saudi Arabia’s climate landscape.
In Saudi Arabia, humidity levels show a striking regional contrast, particularly in August. While the Tabuk Region experiences a low humidity level of just 11%, offering a dry desert climate, the Jazan Region sits at the opposite end of the spectrum with humidity soaring to 65%, creating a far more humid environment. This significant variation highlights the diverse climatic conditions across the country, where coastal areas tend to be more humid compared to the arid northern landscapes. Such differences have implications for both daily life and agricultural practices, making understanding local humidity trends essential for residents and visitors alike.
In May, Saudi Arabia showcases a significant increase in UV Index levels, particularly in its various regions. The Eastern Province experiences an average daily maximum UV Index of 12, while the 'Asir Region soars even higher, reaching an impressive 15. This upward trend emphasizes the need for increased awareness and protection against harmful UV exposure, especially during the hottest months, as residents and visitors alike should take precautions to safeguard their skin and health under the intense sun.
UV Risk Categories
Sunshine duration in Saudi Arabia exhibits significant variability across regions and months, showcasing the country's diverse climates. In January, the Northern Borders Region enjoys 234 hours of sunlight, while the Najran Region basks in 266 hours, highlighting a notable difference conducive to various outdoor activities. As summer approaches, particularly in May, the Jazan Region shines brightly with 346 hours of sun, indicating peak conditions for tourism and agricultural practices. This trend continues into July, where the Northern Borders Region experiences an impressive 397 hours of sunshine, suggesting not only longer days but also opportunities for increased outdoor exploration. Overall, the data reflects a dynamic interplay between regional climates and seasonal changes, positioning Saudi Arabia as a land of abundant sunny days.
In Saudi Arabia, the likelihood of sunny weather varies significantly across regions and months. Notably, the Tabuk Region boasts a remarkable 100% chance of sunshine in June, making it an ideal destination for those seeking clear skies. As summer progresses, the Al Bahah Region experiences a decrease, with a 41% likelihood of sunny days in July. This trend highlights a fascinating regional contrast, showcasing how different areas may offer diverse weather conditions, catering to various preferences for sun-seekers throughout the year.
In Saudi Arabia's Northern Borders Region, the contrast in daylight hours between December and June highlights the seasonal variations experienced in this area. During December, the sun graces the sky for approximately 10 hours, providing shorter days ideal for cozy indoor activities and cultural festivities. As the region transitions into June, daylight stretches to an impressive 14 hours, inviting longer days filled with exploration and outdoor adventures. This shift not only enhances the landscape’s appeal but also influences daily life, encouraging residents and visitors alike to make the most of the abundant daylight during the summer months.
Nestled in the southwestern part of Saudi Arabia, the Asir Region boasts a diverse climate characterized by moderate temperatures and seasonal variations. From the cool, crisp mornings of January, when temperatures can dip to a chilly 3°C (37°F), to the sweltering peak of summer where maxima reach up to 43°C (109°F), the region offers a unique climate for both locals and visitors. Interestingly, the humidity levels fluctuate throughout the year, peaking at 60% in August, while precipitation is heaviest during the summer months, especially in August with 71 mm (2.8 in) of rainfall. This combination of moderate temperatures and varying humidity creates a fascinating environment in the Asir Region, making it an alluring destination for those seeking both adventure and comfort. Learn more about the unique aspects of the 'Asir Region climate.
The Al Bahah Region of Saudi Arabia experiences a mild climate, with winter temperatures ranging from a cool 5°C (42°F) in January to a pleasant 20°C (68°F) in August. As summer approaches, temperatures can soar to 40°C (103°F) in July, while the region also witnesses significant rainfall, particularly in the summer months—August and September see precipitation totals reaching 97 mm (3.8 in) and 101 mm (4.0 in) respectively. The humidity, although generally low, peaks during these wetter months, adding a bit of tropical flair to the otherwise dry climate. For a detailed understanding of the seasonal variations, visit Al Bahah Region climate.
Nestled in the heart of Saudi Arabia, the Al Jawf Region experiences an intriguing climate marked by sharp temperature fluctuations throughout the year. During the winter months, January and February can see temperatures dip as low as -4°C (25°F), while summer peaks soar to a scorching 47°C (118°F) in July. Rainfall is minimal, primarily concentrated in early winter and late autumn, with January receiving the highest at 7 mm (0.3 in). The dry, desert-like conditions contribute to low humidity levels throughout the summer, often dropping below 20%. For a deeper dive into the weather patterns that define this unique region, explore the Al Jawf Region climate.
The Al-Qassim Region in Saudi Arabia experiences a hot desert climate, characterized by scorching summers and mild winters. January and February welcome cooler temperatures, dropping as low as -2°C (28°F), while summer months soar, often hitting 48°C (119°F). Rainfall is sporadic, with most precipitation occurring in November, bringing a noteworthy 28 mm (1.1 in), while July and August remain arid with no rainfall at all. The humidity varies seasonally, ranging from a low of 13% during the sweltering peak of summer to a more comfortable 47% in December. For a deeper dive into the climate specifics, visit Al-Qassim Region climate.
The climate of Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia is characterized by extreme temperature variations, with summer months seeing highs soar to a scorching 51°C (123°F), particularly in July and August. Conversely, winter brings much cooler temperatures, with January lows dipping to -1°C (31°F). Rainfall is quite scarce, often concentrated in the early months; February, for instance, records the highest precipitation at 22 mm (0.9 in). Humidity levels fluctuate throughout the year, peaking in December at 45%, contributing to a more pleasant feel during the cooler months. For more detailed information, visit the Eastern Province climate.
The Ha'il Region in Saudi Arabia experiences a diverse climate characterized by its sharply fluctuating temperatures throughout the year. Winter months like January and February can bring cool temperatures, dipping as low as -3°C (26°F), while the peak of summer—especially in July and August—sees the mercury soar to an intense 45°C (113°F). Precipitation is minimal, predominantly falling in the cooler months, with November being the wettest month at 37 mm (1.4 in). Meanwhile, humidity ranges from a comfortable 43% in January to a dry 13% in the depths of summer, contributing to the region's distinctive dry heat. For more details on the climate of the area, check out Ha'il Region climate.
The Jazan Region in Saudi Arabia boasts a warm Mediterranean climate characterized by hot summers and mild winters. During the peak months of June and July, temperatures can soar to a sizzling 45°C (112°F), while January offers a comfortable average of 26°C (79°F). Though rainfall is scarce, July and August see a slight uptick, with each month receiving about 23 mm (0.9 in), contributing to a feeling of increased humidity that can reach up to 65%. The region's unique weather patterns make it an intriguing locale for those curious about climate diversity in Saudi Arabia. For more detailed information, visit the Jazan Region climate.
The Mecca Region experiences a distinctive climate with hot summers and mild winters. January brings refreshingly cooler temperatures with an average of 21°C (70°F), while by July, the heat peaks at a sweltering 50°C (122°F), showcasing the region's intense summer heat. Precipitation is relatively low throughout the year, with most rain falling between November and April, peaking at 20 mm (0.8 in) in November. Humidity fluctuates, hitting its highest in August with 42%, which can make the heat feel even more oppressive. For a deeper dive into the weather patterns and nuances of this fascinating desert climate, check out the full details on Mecca Region climate.
The Medina Region in Saudi Arabia experiences a desert climate, characterized by hot summers and mild winters. January sees temperatures ranging from a chilly 1°C at night to a pleasantly warm 33°C during the day, while summer peaks in August, with highs soaring to 50°C. Rainfall is minimal year-round, with the majority falling in the cooler months, accumulating to about 12 mm in November and December. Humidity is generally low, often dipping below 20% during the sweltering summer months. For more detailed information, check the Medina Region climate.
The Najran Region in Saudi Arabia experiences a semi-arid climate, characterized by warm summers and mild winters. January begins the year with chilly nights dipping to 0°C (32°F) while daytime temperatures can reach up to 32°C (90°F). As the months progress, summer peaks in July and August with sweltering highs around 40°C (104°F) and humidity rising significantly. Precipitation is sparse throughout the year, with light rains mainly falling in the spring and occasional showers in the summer, totaling about 10 mm in April and 11 mm in May. To discover more about the nuances of this region's climate, visit Najran Region climate.
The Northern Borders Region of Saudi Arabia experiences a diverse climate, characterized by significant temperature fluctuations throughout the year. In winter, January's chilly nights can drop to a brisk -4°C (25°F), while daytime averages hover around a comfortable 9°C (48°F), making it ideal for outdoor activities. As summer approaches, temperatures soar, peaking at an astonishing 47°C (117°F) in July, balanced by remarkably low humidity levels, often dipping below 20%. With minimal rainfall—mainly concentrated in the cooler months—this region's dry and warm climate offers a unique desert experience. For a more detailed exploration of the weather patterns, visit the Northern Borders Region climate.
The climate of the Riyadh Region in Saudi Arabia showcases a stark contrast between scorching summers and mild winters. January temperatures can dip to a brisk 1°C (34°F), while July often sees highs soaring to a sweltering 48°C (119°F). Rainfall is minimal, with a dry summer and a slight increase in precipitation during the winter months, peaking in February with 17 mm (0.7 in) of rain. Humidity tends to be low, particularly from June to August, when it can plummet to just 13%, making the intense heat feel even more extreme. For a deeper understanding of this vibrant climate, check out the detailed Riyadh Region climate.
The Tabuk Region of Saudi Arabia experiences a strikingly diverse climate throughout the year. In winter, temperatures can dip as low as -1°C (30°F) in January, but by summer, highs can soar to 44°C (112°F), particularly in July. Rain is scarce, with most months registering little to no precipitation, though the air remains relatively dry, especially during the sweltering summer months when humidity can plummet to an arid 11%. As the seasons shift, the region showcases beautiful contrasts, making it a fascinating place to explore year-round. For more detailed information, check the Tabuk Region climate.
The climate of Saudi Arabia exhibits remarkable extremes, shaped by its vast desert landscapes. From the chilling depths of winter, where temperatures can plunge to a frigid -4°C (25°F) in February in the Al Jawf Region, to the sweltering heat of summer, peaking at an astounding 51°C (123°F) in July in the Eastern Province, the temperature variations are striking. Precipitation is equally varied; while August can be bone-dry in the Al Jawf Region, September sees a surge in rainfall in the Al Bahah Region with up to 101 mm (4.0 in) recorded. Humidity levels contribute to this climatic diversity, swinging from a low of 11% in the arid Tabuk Region to a humid 65% in the coastal Jazan Region during the same month. This blend of high temperatures, fluctuating rainfall, and varying humidity defines not just the weather but the lifestyle and ecology of the nation.