Last updated: April 14, 2025
The climate of Mongolia is characterized by extreme temperatures and varied precipitation patterns, reflecting its diverse geography. Winter temperatures can plummet to a frigid -47°C (-52°F) in January in Hövsgöl, while summer sees highs soaring to a scorching 41°C (105°F) in July in Ömnögovĭ. Monthly precipitation varies significantly, with as little as 1 mm (0.0 in) recorded in December in Ömnögovĭ, juxtaposed against the peak of 127 mm (5.0 in) in August in Hövsgöl. Humidity levels also fluctuate throughout the year, reaching an average minimum of 31% in May in Ömnögovĭ and a maximum of 96% in December in Dzabkhan. This climatic diversity shapes the unique landscapes and ecosystems found across the country.
Mongolia's climate is as diverse as its vast landscapes, classified into several distinct Köppen-Geiger zones. In the northern regions like Arhangay, Bulgan, and Hövsgöl, a Dwc climate prevails, characterized by cold winters and mild summers. Moving west, Bayan-Ölgiy and Bayanhongor experience a blend of BSk, Dfc, and ET climates, showcasing semi-arid to tundra conditions. Central locations, such as Darhan Uul and Selenge, feature a mix of Dwb and Dwc, while the southern expanse of Ömnögovĭ has a BWk desert climate. This remarkable climatic variety not only influences the local ecology but also shapes the lifestyle of Mongolia's nomadic tribes and the rich tapestry of wildlife. Each climate zone invites exploration, from the arid Govĭ-Altay to the cooler altitudes of Hentiy and Uvs, making Mongolia a unique destination for climate enthusiasts and adventurers alike.
| Climate Zone | Description |
|---|---|
| BSk | Cold semi-arid climate with low rainfall and significant temperature variation. |
| BWk | Cold desert climate with low rainfall and cold temperatures. |
| Dfb | Humid continental climate with warm summers and cold winters. |
| Dfc | Subarctic climate with cold, long winters and short, mild summers. |
| Dwb | Monsoon-influenced humid continental climate with dry winters and warm summers. |
| Dwc | Monsoon-influenced subarctic climate with dry winters and cool summers. |
| ET | Tundra climate with short, cool summers and long, cold winters. |
Mongolia's temperature swings dramatically throughout the year, reflecting its harsh continental climate. In January, the chilling minimum plummets to a frigid -47°C (-52°F) in Hövsgöl, while the warmest spots only reach 6°C (43°F) in East Gobi Aymag. As spring approaches in March, temperatures begin to rise, with highs of 23°C (74°F) in Govĭ-Altay. By May, summer's arrival is evident, peaking at a sweltering 37°C (99°F) in East Aimak. The summer months of July and August see temperatures soar, reaching up to 41°C (105°F) in Ömnögovĭ. However, autumn signals a swift return to cold, with September experiencing a stark minimum of -24°C (-11°F) in Bayan-Ölgiy. As the year closes, December once again chills to -47°C (-52°F) in Dzabkhan, illustrating the extreme and variable nature of Mongolia’s climate. This cyclical dance between extreme lows and impressive highs shapes the unique landscape and lifestyle of this vast nation.
Mongolia's precipitation patterns exhibit significant variability, with a stark contrast between the driest and wettest periods. The minimum recorded precipitation is a mere 1 mm in December at Ömnögovĭ, highlighting the country's severe winter dryness. As summer arrives, particularly in August, this changes dramatically with a peak of 127 mm in Hövsgöl, showcasing how the monsoon influences the region. Additionally, the frequency of rainy days reflects these seasonal shifts: February can be completely dry in Hovd, while July sees a maximum of 16 rainy days in Hövsgöl. This trend emphasizes Mongolia's distinct climate patterns, marked by intense summer rainfall and prolonged winter aridity.
Mongolia experiences a notable range of humidity levels throughout the year, beginning with a striking low of just 31% in May in Ömnögovĭ, which signals the dry warmth of spring. As the seasons transition, humidity levels surge, peaking at a staggering 96% in December in Dzabkhan, reflective of the cold, moisture-laden winter air. This dramatic fluctuation showcases the country's shifting climate patterns, characterized by dry summers and damp, wintry months, underscoring the diverse weather experiences across its unique landscapes.
Mongolia's UV Index trends reveal a significant seasonal variation, particularly evident in the summer months. In Darhan Uul, the average daily maximum UV Index peaks at 9 in June, indicating increased sun exposure as temperatures rise. Conversely, Bayan-Ölgiy experiences an even higher average daily max UVI of 12 in May, suggesting that the month may carry heightened UV risks leading into the summer season. These trends underscore the importance of sun safety measures, especially as UV levels climb in different regions, highlighting the need for awareness and protection against harmful ultraviolet radiation.
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Mongolia experiences a fascinating range of sunshine duration throughout the year, highlighting the stark differences between its seasons. In January, the sun graces the landscape with 193 hours in Selenge and 218 hours in Ömnögovĭ, offering a glimpse of sunlight amidst the winter chill. As summer arrives, the country basks in a significant increase in sunshine, with 363 hours in Sühbaatar and an impressive 408 hours in Bayan-Ölgiy during July. This remarkable shift underscores the dramatic impact of the seasons on Mongolia's climate, showcasing the contrast between the long, sunlit days of summer and the much shorter, colder days of winter.
In Mongolia, the likelihood of sunny weather varies significantly by location and season. For instance, visitors to Hövsgöl in August can expect a relatively modest 32% chance of clear skies, suggesting that summer can be mixed with fleeting rain showers. In contrast, Ömnögovĭ experiences a striking 85% likelihood of sunny weather in December, showcasing the region's dry, clear winter months. This trend highlights a dramatic shift in weather patterns across the year, revealing how Mongolia's diverse landscapes present unique climates that cater to different preferences and activities throughout the seasons.
In Mongolia's Hövsgöl region, daylight hours vary dramatically with the seasons, creating a captivating contrast between winter and summer. In December, the days are brief, offering only 8 hours of sunlight, which fosters a serene, tranquil atmosphere cloaked in winter's embrace. Conversely, June brings a lively transformation as daylight stretches to an impressive 16 hours, inviting exploration and outdoor adventures under the bright summer sky. This stark difference not only highlights the country's diverse climate but also enriches the experiences of those who visit throughout the year.
Nestled in Mongolia, Arhangay experiences a dramatic climate that showcases both extremes and seasonal transitions. Winters are harsh, with January temperatures plummeting to a chilling -47°C (-52°F), while summers bring a warmer embrace with July highs reaching around 36°C (96°F). Precipitation fluctuates, peaking in the summer months, particularly in July with 107 mm (4.2 in), giving way to lush landscapes briefly enjoyed before the harsh cold returns. As humidity levels vary throughout the year—ranging from 58% in May to 89% in January—the air feels exceptionally crisp and biting in winter, creating a striking contrast to the more temperate summer months. Dive deeper into the unique climate of this region at Arhangay climate.
Bayan-Ölgiy, Mongolia, experiences a harsh yet captivating climate where winter reigns supreme. In January and December, temperatures plunge to a staggering -43°C (-45°F), accompanied by high humidity levels around 95%, making it feel even colder. As the seasons shift, milder months like June and July see averages of 11°C (53°F) and 13°C (56°F), with summer rain peaking at 67 mm (2.6 in), providing a refreshing contrast to the frigid winter months. This stark seasonal variability shapes the unique landscape and lifestyle of the region, drawing those curious about its extremes. For more detailed information, explore the Bayan-Ölgiy climate.
Bayanhongor, Mongolia, experiences an extreme continental climate marked by harsh winters and warm summers. In January, temperatures plummet to a chilling -44°C (-47°F) with a steady average of -18°C (1°F), while February offers slightly milder conditions. As spring arrives, temperatures rise significantly, peaking at a delightful 34°C (93°F) in May, before reaching summer heights of 38°C (100°F) in July. Despite its frigid winters, precipitation remains low, with July and August witnessing the most rain at around 51 mm (2.0 in), offering some relief amid the dryness. For a comprehensive understanding of the region's weather patterns, visit Bayanhongor climate.
Nestled in the heart of Mongolia, Bulgan experiences a dramatic climate that showcases the stark beauty of its seasons. During the winter months, temperatures plunge as low as -40°C (-40°F) in January, with a piercing humidity that can reach 89%, creating a chilling atmosphere. As spring arrives, warmer days emerge, bringing averages up to 11°C (53°F) in May, while summer peaks with sizzling highs around 37°C (98°F) in July, often accompanied by the year's highest precipitation of nearly 100 mm (3.9 in) in August. As autumn returns, brisk conditions settle in, with temperatures dipping back down, reminding residents of the harsh winter that awaits. For a detailed overview, check out the full Bulgan climate.
Central Aimak, Mongolia, experiences an extreme climate characterized by frigid winters and warm summers. In January, temperatures can plummet to a chilling -43°C (-45°F), with an average around -20°C (-4°F), while July brings warmth with lows of 1°C (34°F) and averages of 19°C (67°F). Precipitation is relatively low in the winter months but peaks during summer, especially in July and August when it reaches about 68 mm (2.7 in) and 79 mm (3.1 in), respectively. The humidity fluctuates throughout the year, peaking at 92% in January, which contrasts with a much drier summer. For a deeper dive into the region’s climate patterns, visit Central Aimak climate.
The climate in Darhan Uul, Mongolia, is characterized by extreme seasonal variations, offering residents a vivid contrast between biting cold winters and warm summers. January witnesses frigid temperatures, plummeting as low as -35°C (-30°F), while the mercury rises dramatically in July to a pleasant 21°C (70°F). Precipitation remains minimal during the winter months, gradually increasing through the summer, with July standing out as the wettest month, receiving 75 mm (2.9 in) of rain. Despite the summer warmth, humidity levels remain relatively high, peaking in the July-August period. For a deeper dive into the seasonal patterns that define this intriguing region, explore the full detail at Darhan Uul climate.
Nestled in the heart of Mongolia, Dzabkhan experiences dramatic temperature fluctuations throughout the year. January and December plunge into the depths of winter with frigid averages around -24°C (-10°F), while July and August bask in the warmth, reaching highs of 35°C (95°F). The region witnesses major humidity shifts, peaking at 95% during the coldest months before settling to a more moderate 56% in summer. While precipitation is scarce in winter, summer brings a surge, with July and August receiving the most rain. Explore more about the unique Dzabkhan climate and discover the extremes that shape this captivating landscape.
Nestled in the heart of Mongolia, East Aimak experiences an extreme continental climate characterized by frigid winters and warm summers. In January, temperatures plummet to a chilling -41°C (-41°F), gradually rising to an average of 21°C (71°F) by July. The region sees minimal precipitation in the winter months, with a peak of 100 mm (3.9 in) during the rainiest days of August. Humidity is highest during the frigid winter, hovering around 92% in January, and maintains a moderate level throughout the warmer months. For a deeper look into the seasonal variations and overall weather patterns, check out the detailed East Aimak climate.
The East Gobi Aymag experiences a dramatic climate that ranges from bitterly cold winters to warm summers. In January, temperatures plummet to a chilling -37°C (-35°F), while by July, they can soar to a scorching 40°C (105°F), making this region a playground for weather extremes. With total annual precipitation averaging around 59 mm, most of it falls during the lush summer months of July and August, when humidity levels also peak. Visitors should be prepared for both the fierce chill of winter and the sweltering heat of summer, as the climate presents a unique tapestry of experiences. For more detailed information, explore the East Gobi Aymag climate.
Govĭ-Altay, Mongolia, experiences a dramatic climate characterized by harsh winters and warm summers. In January, temperatures plummet to a chilling -44°C (-47°F), gradually warming to an average of 19°C (66°F) by July, the hottest month, where peaks can reach 40°C (104°F). Precipitation is scarce in the colder months, with minimal rain in January through March, but increases significantly during the summer, peaking in August at 48 mm (1.9 in). Despite the variability in temperature and humidity—ranging from a high humidity of 93% in January to a dry 39% in June—the region's stark beauty and unique climate can be both challenging and captivating. For a deeper dive into this region's weather patterns, visit Govĭ-Altay climate.
The climate in Govĭ-Sumber, Mongolia, is characterized by its extreme temperature fluctuations throughout the year. Winters are particularly harsh, with January dipping as low as -36°C (-32°F), while the summer months, specifically July, can soar to a sizzling 37°C (99°F). Precipitation is minimal in the winter, with only a trace in January, but this increases significantly during the summer, peaking at 60 mm (2.4 in) in August. Humidity levels also vary, starting high during the winter months and gradually decreasing to a more comfortable level in summer. For more detailed insights, check out Govĭ-Sumber climate.
Hentiy, Mongolia, experiences a dramatic range of temperatures throughout the year, with January plunging to a chilling -41°C (-41°F), while July sees a warm peak of 37°C (99°F). Precipitation varies from a frigid 2 mm in January, gradually increasing to 89 mm in July, showcasing the region's remarkable seasonal shift. Despite its extreme conditions, Hentiy enjoys relatively low humidity levels during the warmer months, averaging around 57% from May to June. As the temperature and moisture shift, this unique climate offers a distinct experience, making Hentiy a fascinating destination for those curious about Mongolia’s diverse weather patterns. For a deeper dive into the climate specifics, check the full details on Hentiy climate.
Nestled in the heart of Mongolia, Hovd experiences a remarkably extreme climate that showcases the dramatic contrasts of its seasons. Winters plunge temperatures to an astonishing -43°C (-45°F) in January, while summers boast highs reaching 35°C (95°F) in July, creating a unique tapestry of weather experiences throughout the year. Precipitation peaks in the warmer months, with July and August bringing the heaviest rainfall, while the air remains fairly humid—especially during the frigid winter months when humidity can soar to 93%. For those intrigued by the stark beauty of this region's climate, detailed insights can be found at Hovd climate.
Hövsgöl, Mongolia, embodies a dramatic climate marked by extreme winters and mild summers. January brings bone-chilling temperatures as low as -47°C (-52°F), while July enjoys a pleasant average of 15°C (60°F) amidst the highest rainfall of the year. The area experiences notable seasonal shifts, with summer months boasting lush greenery and winter cloaked in thick snow. As humidity fluctuates throughout the year—from a crisp 91% in January to a relatively drier 72% in May—visitors can appreciate the stark beauty of its climate. Explore more about this fascinating weather pattern at Hövsgöl climate.
The climate in Middle Govĭ, Mongolia, showcases a dramatic contrast between frigid winters and warm summers. January plunges temperatures as low as -36°C (-33°F), while by July, they soar up to 38°C (101°F). Precipitation follows a seasonal rhythm, with the summer months experiencing the heaviest rainfall, peaking in August with 47 mm (1.9 in). Despite the warmth, humidity remains relatively low, averaging around 40-50% throughout late spring and summer, offering a dry heat that's often quite pleasant. For more detailed insights, check out the Middle Govĭ climate.
Orhon, Mongolia, experiences an extreme temperature range throughout the year, swinging from biting winters with lows plummeting to -34°C (-30°F) in January to warm summers where average highs reach 33°C (91°F) in July. The region's precipitation patterns reveal a dry winter, gradually giving way to a rainier summer, with July and August receiving over 100 mm (4 inches) of rainfall each. Humidity remains notably high in the winter months, peaking at 90% in January, before stabilizing at around 78% during the summer. This dynamic climate shapes not just the landscape but also the vibrant life that thrives in Orhon. For a deeper understanding of this unique climate, visit Orhon climate.
Selenge, Mongolia, experiences a dramatic range of temperatures throughout the year, with January plunging to chilling lows of -42°C (-43°F) and summer peaks reaching a sweltering 39°C (102°F) in June. Humidity fluctuates with the seasons; the air is notably humid in winter, often exceeding 90%, while summer months see it stabilize around 75%. Precipitation is highest in July and August, with average rainfall of 87 mm (3.4 in), creating a lush contrast to the dry, frigid winters. This unique climate tapestry makes Selenge an intriguing destination for those fascinated by extreme weather conditions. For more detailed insights on the weather throughout the year, explore the Selenge climate.
Sühbaatar, Mongolia, is characterized by its extreme continental climate, where winter temperatures can plunge to a frigid -40°C (-40°F) in January, and summer sees highs soar to 38°C (101°F) in July. The region experiences minimal precipitation, with the bulk falling during the warmer months, particularly in July and August, when rains can reach up to 76 mm (3.0 in). Humidity levels vary throughout the year, with January and December being notably moist at 88% and 80%, respectively. As the seasons change, residents and visitors alike can expect a striking contrast between the biting cold of winter and the warmth of summer sunshine. Discover more about the weather patterns by visiting Sühbaatar climate.
Ulaanbaatar experiences a harsh continental climate, characterized by extreme temperatures and distinct seasons. In winter, frigid air dominates, with January seeing temperatures plunge to a bone-chilling -42°C (-44°F), while summer offers a stark contrast, reaching up to 32°C (90°F) in July. Precipitation is meager in the colder months, but moisture increases from late spring through summer, peaking in August with 83 mm (3.3 in) of rain. Despite its dry conditions, humidity fluctuates, with January exhibiting a frosty 92% that gradually drops over the warmer months. For a deeper dive into the climate of this fascinating city, check out Ulaanbaatar climate.
Nestled in the heart of Mongolia, Uvs experiences a wide range of temperatures throughout the year, with frigid winters plunging to a chilling -45°C (-49°F) in January and balmy summer days peaking at 37°C (99°F) in July. The precipitation pattern is equally dramatic, with a stark contrast between the dry winter months and a wetter summer, particularly in July, which sees nearly 90 mm (3.5 in) of rain. Humidity fluctuates throughout the seasons, peaking at 92% in January and dropping to a comfortable 56% in June. This unique climate, characterized by extreme temperatures and varying moisture levels, shapes the landscape and culture of the region. For more details, explore the full Uvs climate.
Ömnögovĭ, Mongolia, experiences extreme seasonal contrasts, with frigid winters and scorching summers. In January, temperatures can plummet to a staggering -35°C (-31°F), while July brings highs of 41°C (105°F). Precipitation is minimal, peaking in July with 35 mm (1.4 in), and accompanied by relatively low humidity levels, particularly in the summer months when it drops to around 31%. Despite the harsh climate, the region's stark beauty and vibrant landscapes can be captivating, making it a unique destination for adventurous travelers. For more detailed forecasts and climate specifics, visit Ömnögovĭ climate.
Nestled in the heart of Mongolia, Övörhangay experiences a dramatic climate marked by its harsh winters and brief summers. January and February are especially frigid, with temperatures plummeting to as low as -41°C (-42°F) and high humidity that intensifies the cold. As spring approaches, March brings a gradual warming, leading to pleasant May and June, where temperatures can soar to 37°C (98°F). However, this region is not just about the extremes; it sees its highest rainfall in the summer months of July and August, with average humidity hovering around 55%. For a deeper dive into this fascinating climate, visit Övörhangay climate.
Mongolia's climate is characterized by sharp contrasts, with temperature variations reaching extreme highs and lows across the year. In January, the frigid air can plunge to a chilling -47°C in Hövsgöl, while July sees the mercury soar to 41°C in Ömnögovĭ. This dramatic fluctuation pairs with striking differences in precipitation; for instance, August brings a deluge of up to 127 mm in Hövsgöl, compared to a mere 1 mm in December in Ömnögovĭ. Humidity levels further sculpt the landscape of this diverse climate, with May reaching a low of 31% in Ömnögovĭ before climbing to a saturation point of 96% in December in Dzabkhan. These trends reveal a unique climate paradigm that profoundly influences the ecology and lifestyle of Mongolia, capturing the essence of its harsh yet captivating environment.