Last updated: April 14, 2025
Iraq's climate is characterized by extreme temperature fluctuations and varying precipitation patterns across different regions. In Duhok, winter temperatures can plummet to a frigid -22°C (-7°F) in December, while the summer months bring scorching heat in Dhi Qar, peaking at a blistering 53°C (127°F) in July. This month also witnesses an absence of rain in Karbalāʼ, contributing to an arid environment, whereas March sees significant rainfall in Duhok, with precipitation reaching up to 172 mm (6.8 in). Humidity levels vary notably, with Basra experiencing low averages of just 11% in July, contrasted by Duhok’s maximum humidity of 78% in December, illustrating the diverse climatic conditions across the country.
Iraq's climate is predominantly classified under the BWh (hot desert) category, evident in regions such as Al Anbar, Baghdad, and Basra. These areas experience scorching summers and mild winters with minimal rainfall, making them ideal for arid adaptations. In contrast, the northern regions like Arbīl and Duhok exhibit a Csa (hot-summer Mediterranean) climate, featuring warmer summers compared to the typical Mediterranean climate, and are characterized by wetter winters. The variation continues with Diyālá and Nineveh, where BSh (semi-arid) climates are observed alongside the desert conditions. This diverse climate landscape supports a range of ecosystems and agricultural practices throughout the country.
| Climate Zone | Description |
|---|---|
| BSh | Hot semi-arid climate with low rainfall and high temperatures. |
| BWh | Hot desert climate with extremely low rainfall and high temperatures. |
| Csa | Hot-summer Mediterranean climate with dry summers and wet winters. |
Iraq's temperature exhibits remarkable fluctuations throughout the year, showcasing a diverse climate across its regions. In January, temperatures can plunge to a chilling -21°C (-6°F) in Duhok, while the southern region of Al Muthanná basks in a warmer 27°C (81°F). As winter transitions into spring, February and March see an upward trend, with maximums soaring to 42°C (108°F) in Dhi Qar. The heat intensifies through April and May, where Wāsiţ and Basra reach staggering highs of 44°C (112°F) and 49°C (120°F) respectively. The summer peak occurs in July, culminating in a scorching 53°C (127°F) in Dhi Qar. As autumn approaches, temperatures begin to cool down, with October presenting a notable contrast—plummeting to -1°C (31°F) in Arbīl while still touching 46°C (115°F) in Dhi Qar. The year wraps up with December's chill returning to Duhok at -22°C (-7°F), emphasizing Iraq's dramatic climatic swings from bitter cold to sweltering heat.
Iraq experiences significant variation in precipitation patterns throughout the year, with March typically being the wettest month, especially in Duhok, where rainfall can reach a notable 172 mm (6.8 in) over an average of 15 days. In stark contrast, the summer months witness a dramatic decrease in precipitation, with July in Karbalāʼ recording a complete absence of rainfall at 0 mm. This seasonal fluctuation highlights a dry summer, particularly evident in regions like Al Qādisīyah, where June also sees no rainy days. Such trends underscore the importance of monitoring precipitation for agricultural planning and water resource management in the region.
Iraq experiences significant fluctuations in humidity throughout the year, showcasing a diverse climate across its regions. The low point occurs in July, particularly in Basra, where humidity levels can drop to a dry 11%, making the summer heat feel even more intense. In stark contrast, the high point is recorded in December in Duhok, where humidity peaks at a lush 78%, contributing to a cooler and moister atmosphere during winter months. This variation highlights the stark seasonal shifts across Iraq, affecting everything from daily comfort to agricultural practices.
The UV Index in Iraq exhibits a notable upward trend as the summer months approach, with regions like Kirkuk experiencing an average daily maximum UVI of 11 in May. This trend escalates further in June, as seen in Al Anbar, where the average daily max UVI reaches 13. Such increases indicate a growing need for awareness and protective measures against UV exposure, particularly as the peak summer days draw near. The data highlights the importance of monitoring UV levels to safeguard health during the sunniest months of the year.
UV Risk Categories
Sunshine duration in Iraq varies significantly throughout the year, illustrating a striking seasonal contrast. In January, Duhok experiences approximately 203 hours of sunshine, while Al Muthanná enjoys an even brighter beginning to the year with 229 hours. As summer approaches, this trend of increasing sunshine becomes even more pronounced. By July, sunshine hours soar to 414 in Duhok and 385 in Al Muthanná, showcasing the region's sun-kissed skies. This seasonal shift underscores the abundant sunlight Iraq receives during the summer months, making it a pivotal feature of its climate.
In Iraq, the likelihood of sunny weather varies significantly throughout the year, showcasing notable regional trends. For instance, in December, Basra experiences a respectable 46% chance of sunny days, suggesting that while the winter months bring some cloud cover, sunshine is still a regular feature. In contrast, September in Maysan boasts an impressive 100% likelihood of sunny weather, highlighting the peak of summer when the sun reigns supreme across the region. This striking contrast illustrates how, depending on the season and location, residents and visitors can expect a diverse range of sunny weather experiences in Iraq.
In Duhok, Iraq, the variation in daylight hours throughout the year showcases a significant seasonal shift. During the coldest month of December, residents experience around 9 hours of daylight, fostering a cozy, introspective atmosphere as families gather indoors. In stark contrast, June ushers in summer with approximately 14 hours of sunlight, encouraging outdoor activities and vibrant community life. This trend highlights the dramatic changes in daylight that accompany the seasons in Duhok, influencing daily routines and cultural practices across the region.
Al Anbar, Iraq, experiences a dramatic climate characterized by scorching summers and chilly winters. Temperatures soar from average highs of 36°C (97°F) in July and August to a brisk 10°C (50°F) in January, with minimums dipping as low as -6°C (21°F) in February. Precipitation is scarce, especially during the summer months when rainfall is virtually nonexistent, contributing to its arid environment. The winter months bring a bit more humidity, peaking at 58% in December, but overall, the region remains quite dry. For a detailed look at Al Anbar's climate, explore the Al Anbar climate.
Nestled in the heart of Iraq, Al Muthanná experiences a dramatic climate that shifts from cold winters to scorching summers. January's chilly temperatures can plunge to -2°C (29°F), gradually warming to a sweltering average of 39°C (103°F) in July, with peaks reaching up to 52°C (126°F). Dry conditions prevail during the summer months, often devoid of precipitation, while late autumn sees a spike in rainfall, especially in November. Despite the heat, the humidity remains relatively low throughout the summer, enhancing the arid feel of the region. For more details on this region's distinctive weather patterns, visit Al Muthanná climate.
Al Qādisīyah, Iraq, experiences a dramatic range of temperatures throughout the year, with winter highs around 26°C (79°F) in January and scorching summer peaks that can reach a staggering 52°C (126°F) in July. The transition from chilly evenings to sizzling days is especially notable in the spring, where March heralds the arrival of warmth with averages climbing to 20°C (68°F). Rainfall is sparse, particularly during the sweltering summer months, with June through September seeing virtually no precipitation at all. As humidity levels drop to as low as 13% in July, the air can feel arid and intense. For more information on the seasonal conditions in this region, visit Al Qādisīyah climate.
An Najaf, Iraq, experiences a stark climate with hot summers and mild winters. Temperatures soar in the peak summer months of July and August, where averages reach a sweltering 39°C (102°F) and 37°C (100°F), respectively, while humidity plummets to around 15%. In contrast, winter months like January and December offer a cooler respite, with temperatures ranging from a minimum of -2°C (28°F) to a maximum of 25°C (78°F). Rainfall is infrequent, primarily occurring in the cooler months, peaking in February with 24 mm (0.9 in), but largely absent from June to September. For a more detailed look at seasonal variations, explore the An Najaf climate.
Located in northern Iraq, Arbīl experiences a diverse climate characterized by extreme temperature variations throughout the year. In the winter months of January and February, temperatures can drop to a frigid -18°C (1°F), while summers soar to blistering highs of 49°C (121°F) in July and August. The region sees most of its rainfall from January to April, with March being the wettest month at 140 mm (5.5 in), while the summer months remain remarkably dry, often receiving less than 2 mm of precipitation. Humidity levels exhibit a similar swing, peaking at 70% in January and dropping to a mere 22% during the scorching summer. For more detailed information, check out the full overview at Arbīl climate.
Baghdad, Iraq, experiences a hot semi-arid climate characterized by scorching summers and mild winters. Temperatures soar in July and August, peaking at an astonishing 52°C (126°F), while the winter months see milder averages around 12°C (53°F) in January. Rainfall is scarce, with the majority falling between January and February, leaving the hotter months virtually dry. Humidity fluctuates throughout the year, reaching its highest in winter, but drops significantly during the sweltering summer. For more detailed information, explore the Baghdad climate.
Basra, Iraq, boasts an extreme climate characterized by scorching summers and mild winters. From June to August, temperatures frequently soar above 40°C (104°F), with July reaching a blistering 53°C (127°F), while humidity plummets to a mere 11%. Conversely, winter months bring more moderate temperatures, averaging around 14-27°C (58-80°F) in January and February, accompanied by minimal rainfall. With the most precipitation occurring in November, Basra experiences a stark contrast between its dry summer months and wetter winter, making it a unique destination for those intrigued by diverse weather patterns. Discover more about the unique nuances of the region at Basra climate.
Bābil, Iraq, experiences a continental climate characterized by extreme temperature variations and minimal rainfall throughout the year. Winter months, like January and February, see temperatures dropping to a chilly -1°C (30°F), while by July, the mercury can soar to a scorching 52°C (126°F). The dry summer months from June to September receive little to no precipitation, with humidity levels plummeting to a mere 16% during the height of summer. As the seasons transition, autumn and winter bring slightly cooler temperatures and increased humidity, especially in November and December. For more details on the nuances of Bābil's climate, explore Bābil climate.
Dhi Qar, Iraq, experiences a desert climate, characterized by scorching summers and mild winters. From June to August, temperatures soar, often exceeding 50°C (122°F), while January brings cooler conditions with averages around 14°C (57°F). Precipitation is scarce, primarily falling between November and February, totaling around 50 mm (2.0 in) in November alone. With humidity levels dipping as low as 11% in mid-summer, the heat can feel intense and dry. For more detailed insights on the weather patterns, visit Dhi Qar climate.
Diyālá, Iraq experiences a distinct climate marked by scorching summers and cooler winters. From June to August, temperatures soar, reaching a sweltering max of 52°C (126°F) in July, while humidity dips to a mere 17%, creating a parched atmosphere. In contrast, the winter months see more moderate conditions, with temperatures ranging from -4°C (25°F) in January to a pleasant 25°C (76°F) by month's end. Precipitation is concentrated between January and April, with February being the wettest month, showcasing 61 mm (2.4 in) of rain. For a more in-depth look at the nuances of this region's climate, visit Diyālá climate.
Duhok, Iraq, experiences a diverse climate, with temperatures ranging dramatically throughout the year. Winter months like January and December can see lows dipping to -22°C (-7°F), while the summer peaks in July and August reach a sweltering 46°C (116°F). Precipitation is most abundant in early spring, with 172 mm (6.8 in) in March, tapering off into a dry summer marked by almost no rainfall in June to August. Humidity levels also fluctuate, dropping to as low as 23% during the hottest months, creating a stark contrast to the wetter winter months when it can rise to 74%. For a more detailed overview, explore the Duhok climate.
Nestled in Iraq, Karbalāʼ experiences a diverse climate characterized by hot summers and mild winters. January kicks off the year with temperatures ranging from a chilly -2°C (28°F) to a pleasant 25°C (77°F), while summer months can soar above 50°C (122°F), showcasing the region's extreme heat. Rainfall is scarce, especially during the blistering months of June through September, with annual averages barely reaching 30 mm. Conversely, the humidity fluctuates throughout the year, peaking in winter before dropping dramatically in the height of summer. For a more detailed look at Karbalāʼ's climate, visit Karbalāʼ climate.
Kirkuk, Iraq, experiences a dramatic climate marked by hot summers and chilly winters. January brings average temperatures of around 10°C (50°F), while July can soar to a sizzling 37°C (99°F), with peaks reaching 50°C (122°F). Rainfall is most frequent in the winter months, particularly in March with 75 mm (3.0 in), but summer remains virtually dry. Humidity also varies, dropping to a mere 16% in the peak of summer, creating a dry heat that contrasts sharply with the cooler, more humid winters. For more detailed information about the weather patterns and conditions year-round, check out Kirkuk climate.
Maysan, Iraq, experiences a distinct climate characterized by hot summers and mild winters. Temperatures soar during the peak months of June and July, often reaching up to 53°C (127°F), while the winter months of January and December offer cooler averages around 13°C (56°F). Rainfall is scarce, with the bulk arriving from November through February, and a dry spell dominating the summer months with no precipitation from June to September. Low humidity levels, particularly in summer, contribute to the intense heat, making the climate feel even more extreme. For a detailed look at Maysan's weather patterns, check out the Maysan climate.
Nestled in Iraq, Nineveh experiences a diverse climate characterized by extreme temperature fluctuations throughout the year. In winter, temperatures can plunge as low as -16°C (4°F) in January, gradually rising to a sweltering 49°C (121°F) by mid-summer in July and August. While rainfall is most plentiful during the winter months—with March receiving up to 97 mm (3.8 in)—the summer sees a stark shift to almost zero precipitation, contributing to the region's arid conditions. Humidity levels also vary dramatically, peaking in winter at around 69% and dropping to a mere 21% during the scorching summer. For more detailed insights, explore the full report on Nineveh climate.
Salah ad Din, Iraq, experiences a dramatic range of temperatures throughout the year, with January's chilly lows of -5°C (23°F) giving way to scorching summer highs that can reach up to 52°C (125°F) in July. While winter months bring moderate rainfall, peaking in February and March with approximately 54 mm (2.1 in), the summer sees virtually no precipitation, creating a stark, dry landscape. Humidity fluctuates, dipping to a mere 16% in July and August, making the heat feel even more intense. If you're curious about the unique climate characteristics influencing this region, visit Salah ad Din climate for more insights.
Sulaymaniyah, Iraq experiences a continental climate characterized by extreme temperature variations throughout the year. Winter months can see frigid temperatures dipping as low as -19°C (2°F) in February, while summers soar to scorching highs of 49°C (121°F) in July. Precipitation peaks in the winter, with January and February recording the highest rainfall, while the summer months remain largely dry. Humidity levels fluctuate markedly, dropping to a comfortable 24% in August, making the hot months feel quite tolerable despite the relentless heat. For a more detailed look at the year-round weather patterns, visit the Sulaymaniyah climate page.
Wāsiţ, Iraq, experiences a hot desert climate characterized by extreme temperature variations throughout the year. Winters are mild, with January temperatures ranging from a chilly -1°C (30°F) to a pleasant 26°C (79°F), while summers soar with July and August regularly hitting maximums of 52°C (126°F). Despite the intense heat, precipitation is minimal, especially during the summer months when rainfall averages zero, leading to a humidity drop to just 15%. However, the arrival of autumn brings more moisture, as November can see up to 43 mm (1.7 in) of rain, enhancing the cooler temperatures. Exploring the Wāsiţ climate reveals a region that impressively balances extreme weather conditions with brief refreshing seasons.
Iraq's climate showcases a stark contrast between searing summers and chilly winters, exemplified by temperature extremes that range from a frigid -22°C in December in Duhok to a blistering 53°C in July in Dhi Qar. This temperature fluctuation is matched by significant variations in precipitation; March brings a welcome 172 mm of rain in Duhok, while July sees arid conditions with 0 mm recorded in Karbalāʼ. Humidity levels further emphasize this volatility, dipping to an average low of 11% in July in Basra and peaking at 78% in the cooler month of December in Duhok. These climate trends highlight Iraq's diverse weather patterns, reflecting a land of extremes influenced by its geographical features.