Last updated: January 18, 2025
Caldas, Colombia, exhibits a rich tapestry of climate characterized by its Koppen-Geiger classification of Af (tropical rainforest) and Cfb (oceanic) climates. This region experiences a notable temperature range, with minimums plummeting to 8°C (46°F) in December, contrasting sharply with soaring maximums that can reach up to 39°C (103°F) in March. Despite these extremes, the average temperature rests comfortably at 19°C (66°F), contributing to the region's diverse ecosystems and agricultural potential, making Caldas an intriguing subject for climate study.
In Caldas, Colombia, temperature patterns reveal a distinct seasonal rhythm, with monthly minimums typically ranging from 8°C (46°F) to 9°C (49°F), and average temperatures consistently hovering around 18-19°C (64-66°F) throughout the year. The maximum temperatures display a remarkable stability, often peaking at 39°C (102-103°F), particularly from January to August, indicating a warmer dry season during these months. In contrast, the latter part of the year, particularly November and December, sees a slight decrease in maximum temperatures, dipping to a range between 36°C (97°F) and 38°C (101°F), signaling the onset of a cooler wet season. Despite these fluctuations, the overall temperature profile of Caldas remains relatively mild, supporting its lush biodiversity and agricultural productivity.
In Colombia's Caldas region, the climate varies across different towns. Manizales experiences a minimum temperature of 8°C (46°F) in December and a maximum of 25°C (77°F) in April, as detailed here. Risaralda sees temperatures ranging from a minimum of 11°C (53°F) in August to a maximum of 29°C (84°F) in January, which can be explored further here. Meanwhile, Marquetalia records a minimum of 12°C (53°F) in December and peaks at 33°C (92°F) in August, with more information available here.
Caldas, Colombia, experiences significant precipitation throughout the year, with a pronounced wet season from March to May. March marks the onset of peak rainfall, with an impressive total of 549 mm (21.6 in) recorded over 25 days, followed closely by April and May, where totals rise to 663 mm (26.1 in) and 860 mm (33.8 in), respectively. This pattern not only reflects a substantial increase in rainfall but also highlights the region’s transition from the drier months of January and February, where precipitation totals are relatively lower at 329 mm (12.9 in) and 351 mm (13.8 in), to the dramatic intensity of late spring.
As the wet season begins to taper off, precipitation remains substantial, with averages declining but still notable through June and July, accumulating 790 mm (31.1 in) and 820 mm (32.3 in) across 24 and 23 days, respectively. Late summer and early fall, particularly in September and October, bring continued rainfall, with measurements of 633 mm (24.9 in) and 645 mm (25.4 in), respectively. The year closes with a shift toward lesser precipitation in November and December, yet the region continues to receive 525 mm (20.7 in) and 476 mm (18.7 in) over 27 and 22 days, maintaining its characteristic lushness and vibrant ecosystems.
In Caldas, Colombia, sunshine duration exhibits distinct seasonal trends, particularly noticeable as the year transitions from the drier months into the wetter season. The beginning of the year showcases relatively moderate sunlight, with January achieving 246 hours and February slightly increasing to 270 hours. However, it is in March, as the region nears the apex of its wet season, that sunshine hours plateau at 271 hours before beginning a modest decline in April, which sees 247 hours. This trend indicates that while precipitation increases, the region still enjoys ample sunlight early in the year, setting the stage for the shifts that follow.
As Caldas progresses into the heart of the year, sunlight duration steadily climbs, reaching a peak in the summer months. July and August stand out as the sunniest months, accumulating an impressive 290 and 297 hours of sunshine, respectively. This peak contrasts sharply with May, which only records 232 hours, signaling the transition into the heavier rainy season. Although September experiences a slight decrease to 276 hours, the overall pattern remains relatively strong until October and November, where the sunniest days begin to retreat with 242 and 234 hours registered. This ebbing of sunlight as the year closes emphasizes the region's vibrant climate dynamics, balancing between brightness and rainfall throughout the seasons.
In Caldas, Colombia, the ultraviolet (UV) index consistently remains at extreme levels throughout the year, indicating a persistent risk of harm from unprotected sun exposure. January begins with a UV index of 14, followed by an escalation to 15 in February, and reaching its peak at 17 during both March and April. This pattern underscores the necessity for heightened sun safety measures, as the burn time remains a mere 10 minutes across all months with extreme exposure categories. The consistently high UV indices in the early part of the year highlight the importance of sun protection, particularly for outdoor activities and tourism.
As the year progresses into the latter months, the UV index remains markedly high, fluctuating slightly but staying predominantly in the 15 to 16 range from May through October. Although there is a slight decrease in November to 14 and a further drop in December to 12, the exposure is still classified as extreme, maintaining a burn time of just 10 minutes. This enduring intensity of UV radiation reinforces the necessity for residents and visitors alike to employ protective measures, such as sunscreen and protective clothing, throughout the year to mitigate the potential adverse effects of prolonged sunlight exposure.
UV Risk Categories
In Caldas, Colombia, daylight duration exhibits a subtle yet consistent pattern throughout the year, predominantly influenced by its equatorial location. During the early months of the year, January and February each enjoy 11 hours of daylight, laying a foundation for the seasonal progression. As March arrives, there is a noticeable increase to 12 hours, a trend that continues unabated through April to August. This sustained twelve-hour period of daylight fosters a vibrant environment conducive to agriculture and biodiversity, highlighting the region's ability to support lush ecosystems year-round.
As the year begins to transition towards its end, daylight hours gradually retract back to 11 hours in October, November, and December. This return to shorter days signals a shift in the seasonal dynamics, although the variation remains minimal. Throughout these final months, the consistent 11 hours of daylight ensures that Caldas retains its characteristic warmth and vibrancy, even as sunlight wanes. This rhythmic cycle of daylight duration contributes to the region's agricultural practices and overall quality of life, reflecting an inherent balance between sunlight and shadow.
Manizales, Colombia, is characterized by a mild and rainy climate, with temperatures ranging from a minimum of 8°C (46°F) to a maximum of 25°C (77°F) throughout the year. The city experiences its highest rainfall in May and July, receiving up to 2065 mm (81.3 in) of precipitation during the latter. Despite the significant rainfall, Manizales enjoys ample sunshine, particularly in the months of July and August, with 278 and 289 hours of sunlight, respectively. The consistent temperatures and lush vegetation contribute to its unique climate, making it a notable location for nature lovers. For more detailed information, visit Manizales climate.
Marmato, Colombia, experiences a mild and humid climate influenced by its elevation. Temperatures range from a minimum of 9°C (49°F) to a maximum of 28°C (82°F), with average temperatures generally around 17-18°C (63-64°F) throughout the year. Precipitation is significant, peaking in March and May with over 500 mm (20 inches), contributing to a lush environment. The region enjoys ample sunshine, particularly in July and August, with approximately 295 hours per month. For more detailed information, visit Marmato climate.
Marquetalia, Colombia, experiences a warm climate year-round, with temperatures ranging from a minimum of 12°C (53°F) in December to a maximum of 33°C (92°F) in August. The average monthly temperature hovers around 22-23°C (72-73°F). Precipitation varies, with the wettest months being October and November, recording 129 mm (5.1 in) and 176 mm (6.9 in), respectively, while June and July are notably dry, receiving only 12 mm (0.5 in) and 7 mm (0.3 in). Sunshine hours peak in August with 307 hours, contributing to the region's lush landscape. For more details, visit Marquetalia climate.
Risaralda, Colombia experiences a tropical climate characterized by mild temperatures and significant rainfall throughout the year. Average temperatures range from 19°C (67°F) to 20°C (68°F), with minimal variation between months, while higher humidity contributes to a lush environment. The rainy season peaks from April to May, with precipitation reaching up to 813 mm (32.0 in) in May. Despite the abundant rain, there are also ample sunny days, particularly in July and August, which see around 289 hours of sunshine. For more detailed information, visit Risaralda climate.
In summary, Caldas, Colombia, presents a complex interplay of climate characteristics, from its consistent temperature patterns and significant precipitation, to the extreme UV indices and steady daylight duration experienced throughout the year. The region’s warm average temperatures and substantial rainfall create an environment ripe for biodiversity and agricultural productivity, while the high UV levels necessitate vigilant sun protection strategies. Additionally, the predictable daylight hours, ranging from 11 to 12 hours, allow for structured daily activities and support both the local ecosystem and community livelihoods. Collectively, these climatic elements underscore Caldas's unique position as a vibrant ecological and agricultural hub, while also highlighting the importance of sustainable practices in managing its natural resources.