Last updated: January 18, 2025
Chari-Baguirmi, Chad experiences a unique climate characterized by the Köppen-Geiger classes of BSh (Semi-arid) and Aw (Tropical savanna). The region showcases a notable temperature range, with minimum temperatures dipping to 11°C (53°F) in January, while peak heat is recorded at a scorching 46°C (115°F) in April. The annual average temperature hovers around 29°C (85°F), highlighting the region's warm climate, making it a focal point for studying the impacts of heat extremes and aridity in the Sahelian zone.
Chari-Baguirmi, Chad, showcases distinct temperature patterns throughout the year, reflecting its semi-arid climate. January marks the beginning of the year with cooler temperatures, presenting minimums around 11°C (53°F) and averages of 25°C (78°F). As February approaches, a gradual warming trend begins, with averages rising to 27°C (81°F). The heat escalates significantly from March to April, where maximum temperatures reach a peak of 46°C (115°F), driven by rising averages of 35°C (94°F). Following this intensity, May slightly cools, maintaining high temperatures but indicating the onset of a gradual decline. The summer months of June, July, and August exhibit a cooling trend, with temperatures ranging from 28°C (82°F) to 31°C (87°F) in average, marked by maximums that are significantly lower compared to April and May. As the year progresses into the fall, September to November sees moderated temperatures, where averages stabilize around 27°C (81°F) to 29°C (84°F), maintaining pleasant conditions before transitioning back to the cooler winter months in December. This seasonal cycle highlights the region's susceptibility to extreme heat, particularly between late winter and early spring.
Ngama experiences a minimum temperature of 11°C (53°F) in January, rising to a maximum of 46°C (115°F) in April, as detailed in the monthly temperatures in Ngama. Similarly, Dourbali records a January minimum of 11°C (53°F) and a peak of 45°C (114°F) in April, as outlined in the monthly temperatures in Dourbali. In contrast, Bousso has slightly warmer January temperatures, with a minimum of 14°C (58°F) and a maximum of 46°C (114°F) in April, noted in the monthly temperatures in Bousso.
Chari-Baguirmi, Chad, exhibits a stark contrast in precipitation patterns, marked by a distinct dry season followed by significant rainfall during the summer months. From January to March, no precipitation is recorded, creating an arid environment typical of the region's dry season. However, the onset of the rainy season begins in April, albeit minimally, with just 2 mm (0.1 in) of rainfall. This is soon followed by a dramatic increase in precipitation starting in May, which contributes to an average of 18 mm (0.7 in) over just four rainy days.
The peak of the rainy season occurs between June and August, with July and August receiving notably high amounts of rainfall, 123 mm (4.8 in) and 229 mm (9.0 in) respectively. These summer months are vital for local agriculture, fostering growth and sustaining water supplies. Following this peak, September experiences a decline with 110 mm (4.3 in), while October sees a further reduction to 36 mm (1.4 in). By November and December, the region transitions back into its dry season, where no rainfall occurs, highlighting the stark seasonal variability in precipitation that defines the climate of Chari-Baguirmi.
Chari-Baguirmi, Chad, experiences a remarkable trend in sunshine duration throughout the year, characterized by a progressive increase leading into the summer months. Beginning with 271 hours of sunshine in January, there is a steady ascent as February sees 303 hours, eventually reaching a peak in March with 338 hours. The month of May marks the highest sunshine duration, with an impressive 346 hours, underscoring the region's transition into the hottest part of the year. As temperatures rise and the rainy season approaches, the amount of sunlight remains relatively stable, with June, July, and August all registering above 310 hours of sunshine. This sustained availability of sunlight during the summer months is crucial for agriculture, allowing local farmers to take advantage of both the warmth and the upcoming rains.
As the year progresses into the fall, sunshine duration maintains a consistent level, with September, October, and November all reporting around 311 to 330 hours. Unlike some regions where daylight may diminish significantly during the fall, Chari-Baguirmi's access to sun remains generous. Interestingly, sunshine hours in December revert slightly back to 331 hours, indicating that the dry season does not detract from sunlight exposure. This steady availability of sunlight throughout the year, particularly during the peak and fall months, emphasizes the potential for solar energy utilization and sustainable agricultural practices in the region.
Chari-Baguirmi, Chad, experiences remarkably high UV Index levels throughout the year, with extreme exposure categories dominating the landscape. Beginning in January, the UV Index registers at 11, which is categorized as extreme, indicating that skin can burn within just 10 minutes of exposure. This trend continues steadily into February and March, with UV levels peaking at 13 for both months. Consistently high UV readings persist through April, May, and July, signifying a significant risk for skin damage. Notably, August and September experience the highest recorded UV Index at 14, underscoring the intense solar exposure during this period.
As the year transitions into the fall and winter months, the UV Index begins to moderate slightly, dropping to 12 in October. November and December showcase UV Index levels of 10, categorized as very high, with an increased burn time of 15 minutes due to the lower intensity of the sun. Despite this reduction, the level remains substantially elevated compared to many other regions, emphasizing the importance of sun protection year-round. This consistent threat of high UV radiation reinforces the need for residents and visitors alike to adopt robust sun safety practices to mitigate health risks associated with prolonged exposure.
UV Risk Categories
Chari-Baguirmi, Chad, exhibits a relatively stable pattern of daylight duration throughout the year, with minor fluctuations primarily around the equinoxes. From January to February, daylight persists at approximately 11 hours, providing ample time for daily activities under the sun. As spring arrives in March, daylight increases to 12 hours and maintains this length consistently through April, May, and into the summer months of June, July, and August. This consistent daylight duration during the warmer months favors agricultural practices, promoting growth and productivity.
As the year progresses toward the fall, daylight duration gradually decreases back to 11 hours in October, and this pattern continues through November and December. While many regions experience more significant variations in daylight throughout the seasons, Chari-Baguirmi's modest changes highlight its proximity to the equator. This consistent availability of daylight, even in the shorter months, supports both daily life and ecological cycles within the region, underscoring its significance for local communities and farming practices.
Bousso, Chad experiences a tropical climate with extremely high temperatures, particularly from April to June, where highs can reach up to 46°C (114°F). The rainy season occurs from June to September, with July and August receiving the most precipitation, totaling 165 mm (6.5 in) and 223 mm (8.8 in), respectively. Despite the rain, monthly sunshine hours remain high throughout the year, peaking at 347 hours in May. The dry months of January, February, and December see no significant rainfall, while temperatures are relatively cooler. For more detailed information, visit Bousso climate.
Dourbali, Chad experiences a hot semi-arid climate with extreme temperatures throughout the year. January to April sees high averages ranging from 25°C (76°F) to 34°C (94°F) and maximums peaking at 45°C (113°F). The wet season runs from May to September, with the heaviest rainfall in August, totaling 234 mm (9.2 in). Despite this, Dourbali enjoys substantial sunshine, averaging over 300 hours per month, peaking in May. For more detailed information, visit Dourbali climate.
Massenya, Chad experiences a hot and arid climate, characterized by high temperatures year-round. January marks the coolest month, with average temperatures around 25°C (78°F) and no rainfall. From April to August, temperatures peak, reaching maximums of up to 46°C (114°F) in April, followed by the rainy season, particularly in August, which sees the most precipitation at 242 mm (9.5 in). The region enjoys significant sunshine throughout the year, with May receiving the highest hours at 345. For more detailed climate information, visit Massenya climate.
Ngama, Chad experiences a hot climate characterized by high temperatures year-round. The hottest months are April and May, with maximum temperatures reaching up to 46°C (115°F). During the rainy season, from June to August, precipitation increases significantly, with August receiving the most rainfall at 219 mm (8.6 in). Despite the heat, Ngama enjoys ample sunshine throughout the year, peaking in May with 348 hours. For more detailed information, visit Ngama climate.
In conclusion, Chari-Baguirmi, Chad, presents a unique climate characterized by extreme temperatures, significant sunshine duration, and consistently high UV Index levels throughout the year, alongside stable daylight hours. The drastic seasonal changes in temperature and rainfall highlight the region's semi-arid conditions, while the extended periods of sunshine and intense UV exposure necessitate comprehensive sun safety measures for residents and visitors. With a steady availability of daylight year-round, local communities are well-positioned to leverage these climatic characteristics for agriculture and sustainable practices. Understanding these environmental dynamics is essential for promoting health and well-being in the region, as well as for implementing effective strategies for managing the challenges posed by high temperatures and UV radiation.