Last updated: April 14, 2025
Canada's climate is a remarkable tapestry of extremes, showcasing a wide range of temperatures and precipitation patterns across its vast landscapes. In the frigid reaches of the Northwest Territories, winter can plunge to a bone-chilling -50°C (-58°F) in December, while the warmest spots, like British Columbia, bask in the summer heat, with temperatures soaring to 44°C (111°F) in June. Precipitation varies significantly as well, with Saskatchewan experiencing its driest month in February, averaging just 13 mm (0.5 in), contrasted by the wet November of British Columbia, which sees a hefty 226 mm (8.9 in) of rainfall. Additionally, humidity levels fluctuate dramatically; Saskatchewan reaches an average minimum of 66% in June, while Nunavut experiences maximum humidity at a staggering 101% in January. This diverse climate influences not only the environment but also the lives of Canadians across the country.
Canada's diverse climate zones reflect the country's vast geography and unique ecosystems. In the west, British Columbia showcases a variety of climates, including the temperate Csb and Cfb, alongside the cooler Dfc and Dfb. Moving east, Alberta spans the boreal Dfc and Dfb zones, transitioning to the semi-arid BSk in the south. As we venture into the prairies, Saskatchewan features a mix of Dfb and BSk, while Manitoba embraces the cooler Dfb and Dfc climates. The maritime provinces, such as Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, predominantly experience the Dfb climate, characterized by moderate temperatures and ample rainfall. Ontario boasts a combination of Dfb, Dfc, and Dfa, accommodating both continental and humid subtropical zones. Venturing north, Quebec and Newfoundland and Labrador reveal colder Dfb and Dfc climate types, with Nunavut and the Northwest Territories experiencing the frigid ET climates, indicative of the Arctic tundra. Lastly, the Yukon and Northwest Territories offer a unique blend of Dfc and ET climates, completing the remarkable tapestry of Canada's climatic diversity.
| Climate Zone | Description |
|---|---|
| BSk | Cold semi-arid climate with low rainfall and significant temperature variation. |
| Cfb | Oceanic climate with mild temperatures and moderate rainfall year-round. |
| Csb | Warm-summer Mediterranean climate with dry summers and wet winters. |
| Dfa | Humid continental climate with hot summers and cold winters. |
| Dfb | Humid continental climate with warm summers and cold winters. |
| Dfc | Subarctic climate with cold, long winters and short, mild summers. |
| Dsc | Cold-summer Mediterranean-influenced humid continental climate with dry summers. |
| ET | Tundra climate with short, cool summers and long, cold winters. |
Canada's temperature exhibits a dramatic range throughout the year, from the bone-chilling lows of -50°C (-58°F) in December in the Northwest Territories to balmy highs of 44°C (111°F) in June in British Columbia. The depths of winter reveal extremes, with January experiencing minimum temperatures plummeting to -48°C (-55°F) in Yukon, while February brings similar chills in the Northwest Territories, paired with a warmer side in Ontario, which can reach 18°C (65°F). As spring approaches, March and April usher in a gradual warming trend, peaking in May when temperatures can soar to an impressive 37°C (99°F) in Quebec. The summer months of July and August maintain high temperatures, particularly in Alberta, where they can reach up to 40°C (105°F). As autumn sets in, temperatures begin a downward spiral once again, marked by a notable shift from the still-warm afternoons of September to the frosty nights of November. This fluctuating climate highlights Canada's diverse and extreme weather, showcasing both its icy tundras and sun-soaked landscapes.
In Canada, precipitation patterns reveal significant seasonal variations, with some regions experiencing stark contrasts. For instance, February in Saskatchewan is characterized by low totals, with just 13 mm (0.5 in) of rain often falling over a mere 3 days. In contrast, British Columbia showcases its wetter side in November, where precipitation skyrockets to a substantial 226 mm (8.9 in) across 17 days, highlighting the province's propensity for prolonged rainfall. These trends not only illustrate the diverse climatic conditions Canada encompasses but also underline the implications for water resources and ecosystems that vary dramatically from the prairies to the coastal mountains.
Canada's humidity levels reveal a striking contrast between its provinces, demonstrating the country's diverse climate. In June, Saskatchewan experiences a relatively comfortable minimum humidity of 66%, providing a pleasant summer atmosphere. However, as winter descends, the landscape shifts dramatically in Nunavut, where humidity can peak at an astonishing 101% in January, showcasing the extreme cold's ability to hold moisture. This trend highlights the stark seasonal variations across the nation, where regional climates can shift from moderate to intense humidity, reflecting the unique environmental conditions each province experiences throughout the year.
As we examine UV Index trends across Canada, notable variations emerge between regions and months. For instance, the Northwest Territories experience an average daily maximum UVI of 6 in July, indicating a significant exposure risk during the summer peak. In contrast, Nova Scotia's UV Index reaches a higher average daily maximum of 10 in June, suggesting that this coastal province faces its most intense sun exposure earlier in the summer season. These fluctuations highlight the importance of regional and seasonal awareness when it comes to sun safety practices across the country.
UV Risk Categories
Sunshine duration in Canada reveals fascinating regional and seasonal trends, showcasing the diverse climates across the nation. In the depths of winter, locations like Nunavut experience just a scant 33 hours of sunlight in December, highlighting the stark contrast to sunnier months. Meanwhile, January offers a moderate increase in Manitoba, where residents can enjoy 133 hours of sunshine. As summer approaches, the sun warms up the skies significantly, with Saskatchewan basking in an impressive 382 hours of sunshine in July, and Newfoundland and Labrador following closely behind with 302 hours in August. This seasonal shift underscores Canada's vast climatic diversity, from the brief winter days in the north to the long, bright summer months enjoyed elsewhere.
Canada's diverse climate presents striking contrasts in sunny weather throughout the year. In December, regions like Nunavut experience a mere 11% chance of clear skies, reflecting the long, harsh winter typical of the Arctic. Conversely, when summer rolls around in July, places such as British Columbia bask in sunshine, boasting a 69% likelihood of bright weather. This seasonal shift highlights Canada's dramatic climatic variations, showcasing how geography influences weather patterns across the country.
Canada's daylight hours experience dramatic fluctuations throughout the year, particularly in the Northwest Territories. In December, residents may find themselves grasping for sunlight as they enjoy a mere 4 hours of daylight, creating a stark contrast to the summer months. By June, the situation transforms, with daylight stretching to an impressive 21 hours. This remarkable shift not only affects daily life but also influences the region’s natural beauty, as the extended summer daylight invites vibrant ecosystems to thrive while the long winter nights inspire a unique, starry ambiance.
Alberta's climate is a striking contrast of extremes, where winter's chill can plunge temperatures as low as -47°C (-52°F) in January, only to transform into summer heat reaching up to 41°C (106°F) in June. As the seasons cycle, the landscape experiences significant precipitation shift, peaking at 90 mm (3.6 in) during the lush month of June. Humidity levels fluctuate throughout the year, hovering at around 91% in the depths of winter and dipping to 74% by fall. With its diverse climatic conditions, Alberta offers an incredible tapestry for all who experience it. Explore more about this fascinating region at Alberta climate.
British Columbia's climate is a vibrant tapestry, ranging from frigid winters to warm summers. In January, temperatures can plummet to a chilling -42°C (-43°F), while July enjoys balmy highs of up to 43°C (109°F), making it a land of extremes. Notably, November is the wettest month, with 226 mm (8.9 in) of precipitation, contributing to the region's lush landscapes. Throughout the year, humidity levels remain relatively high, often exceeding 85%, particularly in the winter months. For more insights into the varied climate of this stunning province, check out the full details on British Columbia climate.
Experience the extreme climate of Manitoba, Canada, where January temperatures can plunge to a frigid -44°C (-46°F), making it one of the coldest spots in the world. As winter transitions to spring, March offers a dramatic shift with a maximum temperature reaching 21°C (71°F), while summer days in July bask in highs of 38°C (101°F). Rainfall varies throughout the year, peaking in June with 81 mm (3.2 in), complemented by moderate humidity that ranges from 72% in June to 93% in January. Whether you’re braving the icy winters or enjoying the warm summers, the climate is as diverse as the landscapes of Manitoba. Discover more about the province’s fascinating weather patterns in our detailed guide on Manitoba climate.
New Brunswick experiences a dramatic climate with cold winters and mild summers. January and February deliver biting temperatures averaging around -7°C (19°F), while summer months like July can see highs of 35°C (95°F), perfect for outdoor activities. Precipitation is fairly consistent throughout the year, with November being notably wet, receiving 138 mm (5.5 in). The humidity remains relatively high, hovering around 85% in winter and summer alike, adding a distinctive chill during colder months. Discover more about the climate nuances of New Brunswick by exploring New Brunswick climate.
The climate in Newfoundland and Labrador is characterized by its extreme temperatures and consistent precipitation throughout the year. Winters are particularly harsh, with January dipping as low as -40°C (-40°F) and a chilling average of -4°C (24°F), while summers can bring warmth with averages around 15°C (59°F) in July. Rainfall is frequent, peaking in November with 130 mm (5.1 in), and humidity remains high, especially in the summer months. This unique climatic blend shapes the stunning landscapes and vibrant ecosystems of the region, making it a captivating destination for those seeking the beauty of nature's extremes. To learn more, visit Newfoundland and Labrador climate.
The climate of the Northwest Territories is a dramatic showcase of extremes, characterized by frigid winters and surprisingly warm summers. January and February see temperatures plunge to a chilling -48°C (-54°F) at night, with average temperatures hovering around a brisk -23°C (-9°F). However, as July rolls in, the region transforms, boasting average highs reaching 16°C (61°F) and peaks that can soar to an astonishing 40°C (104°F). Adding to the unique tapestry, the summer months are also the wettest, with August recording approximately 70 mm (2.8 in) of precipitation, while humidity remains notably high throughout the year, peaking at 99% in the depths of winter. For a deeper dive into the specifics of this captivating climate, visit Northwest Territories climate.
Nestled on Canada's eastern coast, Nova Scotia experiences a climate marked by both chilly winters and warm summers. January and February see frigid temperatures, with averages around -3°C (26°F) and humidity levels hovering near 84%, while milder weather in July and August brings average highs of 19°C (66°F) and 32°C (91°F), respectively. Precipitation is fairly consistent throughout the year, peaking in November with a notable 153 mm (6.0 in) as the air remains heavy with moisture. This diverse climate creates a vibrant landscape, perfect for exploration and outdoor adventures. For more detailed insights, check out the Nova Scotia climate.
Nestled in the Arctic, Nunavut, Canada, experiences an extreme climate defined by frigid winters and brief, chilly summers. January brings biting temperatures that can drop as low as -36°C (-33°F), while July offers a fleeting escape with highs around 21°C (70°F). The region sees the most precipitation during the summer months, peaking at 94 mm (3.7 in) in August, creating a stark contrast to the dry winter season. Coupled with high humidity levels, particularly in the colder months where it can reach an astonishing 101%, the climate is as formidable as it is fascinating. For more details, visit Nunavut climate to uncover the unique weather patterns of this northern territory.
Ontario experiences a dynamic climate that varies significantly throughout the year. Winters can be notably frigid, with January temperatures plummeting to a chilling low of -43°C (-46°F), while heavy snowfall and humidity often hover around 92%. As spring rolls in, temperatures gradually warm up, reaching up to 30°C (87°F) in April, accompanied by increasingly wet conditions. Summer brings warmth and humidity, with July averaging 21°C (70°F) and maxing out at 37°C (98°F), making it perfect for outdoor activities. To explore more about the seasonal changes and climate details, visit Ontario climate.
Nestled in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Prince Edward Island's climate showcases a dramatic seasonal contrast. Winters paint the landscape white, with January temperatures dipping as low as -21°C (-5°F), while summer boasts inviting warmth, peaking at a balmy 34°C (94°F) in June. The island sees its fair share of precipitation, especially in late autumn when November delivers over 142 mm (5.6 in) of rain. Humidity levels hover around 85% throughout the year, fostering a lush environment ripe for natural beauty. To explore more about the weather patterns that shape this enchanting Canadian gem, visit Prince Edward Island climate.
Quebec, Canada, experiences a remarkable range of temperatures throughout the year, with winter lows plunging to a bone-chilling -44°C (-48°F) in February and summer highs reaching a sizzling 37°C (99°F) in June. The humidity levels vary, remaining high in winter months, often exceeding 90%, while dropping to a more comfortable 73% in June. Frequent precipitation brings a lushness to the landscape, especially in spring and summer, with averages peaking at 132 mm (5.2 in) in October. Residents and visitors alike can enjoy the seasonal shifts, from snowy wonderlands to vibrant green summers. For more about the year-round weather patterns, explore the Quebec climate.
Saskatchewan experiences extreme seasonal variations, where frigid winters give way to warm summers. In January, temperatures can plummet to a bone-chilling -45°C (-49°F), while July's warmth peaks at a balmy 40°C (104°F). Precipitation is generally modest, with a notable increase in the summer months, particularly in June, where rainfall can reach 81 mm (3.2 in). Humidity levels also fluctuate, soaring to 93% in February and dropping to 66% in June, adding to the region's dynamic climate landscape. For more detailed insights, explore the full Saskatchewan climate data.
Nestled in the heart of the north, Yukon, Canada experiences a climate that is as rugged as its stunning landscapes. Winters can be brutally cold, with temperatures plummeting to -48°C (-55°F) in January, while summers offer a brief respite with highs reaching 34°C (94°F) in June. The region sees its most precipitation during the warmer months, particularly in July and August, receiving up to 73 mm (2.9 in) of rain. Despite the chill, Yukon's humidity lingers around 97% in the depths of winter, contributing to its unique atmosphere. For a deeper dive into Yukon's varied climate, explore Yukon climate.
Canada's climate is characterized by its remarkable extremes, showcasing a diverse range of temperatures and precipitation patterns across the country. From the bone-chilling lows of -50°C (-58°F) in December in Northwest Territories to the scorching highs of 44°C (111°F) in June in British Columbia, the weather reflects the vast geographic expanse of the nation. Precipitation also varies widely, with February in Saskatchewan receiving a mere 13 mm (0.5 in), while November in British Columbia can see a staggering 226 mm (8.9 in). This diversity extends to humidity levels too, with June in Saskatchewan averaging a minimum of 66%, contrasting sharply with the January maximum of 101% in Nunavut. Overall, Canada's climate patterns underscore both the challenges and beauty inherent in this vast landscape, as varying conditions foster unique ecosystems and lifestyles across its provinces and territories.