Last updated: January 18, 2025
The climate of Southern Darfur, Sudan, is characterized by the Köppen-Geiger classifications of BSh (semi-arid climate) and BWh (arid climate), reflecting its predominantly dry conditions. Temperatures vary significantly throughout the year, with a minimum recorded temperature of 10°C (51°F) in January, an average temperature peaking at 28°C (82°F), and soaring to a striking maximum of 43°C (110°F) in March. This thermal variation underscores the region's climate variability, significantly influencing local ecosystems and agricultural practices.
In Southern Darfur, Sudan, temperature patterns exhibit a distinct seasonal progression throughout the year. January marks the cooler season, with minimums around 10°C (51°F) and maximums reaching 40°C (104°F). As the months advance, both minimum and average temperatures gradually rise until reaching their peak in March and April, where maximums stabilize at 43°C (110°F). The transition into the hotter months of May and June sees average temperatures around 32°C (90°F) and 30°C (87°F), respectively. Following this intense heat, temperatures begin to ease during July and August, as cooler air prevails, leading to average high temperatures declining to about 38°C (100°F) and 35°C (96°F). The cooling trend continues into the fall months, bringing temperatures back down to more moderate levels by December, with an average of 25°C (77°F). Thus, Southern Darfur experiences a clear warm season dominated by extreme heat, transitioning into a milder phase as the year draws to a close.
In Gereida, temperatures range from a minimum of 11°C (53°F) in January to a maximum of 43°C (110°F) in March, as detailed in the monthly temperatures in Gereida. Similarly, Nyala experiences a slightly lower minimum of 10°C (51°F) in January and a high of 43°C (109°F) in May, as outlined in the monthly temperatures in Nyala.
Precipitation patterns in Southern Darfur, Sudan, are marked by pronounced seasonal variations, predominantly influenced by the regional climate. The first part of the year, from January to March, is characterized by virtually no rainfall, with recorded precipitation at 0 mm and a complete absence of rainy days. As the climate transitions into the late spring and summer months, a notable increase in rainfall commences, peaking in July and August. During these months, precipitation can reach up to 117 mm (4.6 inches), along with a significant number of rainy days, averaging 17 days in each of these months.
In the latter part of the year, rainfall begins to taper off. The month of September experiences 79 mm (3.1 inches) of precipitation, followed by a sharp decrease to 22 mm (0.9 inches) in October. Subsequently, the dry months return, with November and December returning to the original pattern of zero precipitation. This cyclical pattern underscores the region's reliance on a short rainy season, vital for replenishing water resources and sustaining local agriculture, particularly during the arid months following the rain.
In Southern Darfur, Sudan, sunshine duration shows a clear and consistent trend throughout the year, with a notable increase as the region transitions from winter to summer. Beginning in January, the area enjoys 272 hours of sunshine, which steadily rises to reach 346 hours by March. This upward trajectory peaks in May at 354 hours, marking it as one of the sunniest months of the year. The subsequent months of June and July maintain high levels of sunlight, each recording 340 hours of bright conditions, underscoring the sun's dominance during the peak of the dry season.
As summer wanes, sunshine hours gradually begin to diminish, yet remain substantial compared to the earlier months. In August, there is a slight decline to 333 hours, followed by 325 hours in September. The sunshine rebounds slightly in October with 336 hours, before tapering off to 326 hours in November and 335 hours in December. This data illustrates a regional climate where sunshine plays a crucial role, particularly in the growing season, with peak sunlight occurring in the late spring and early summer, providing essential energy for local agriculture and ecosystems.
Southern Darfur, Sudan, experiences consistently high UV Index readings throughout the year, signifying a climate that necessitates vigilance against the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation. The first half of the year typically records extreme UV Index values, peaking at 14 in March and July, which corresponds to a burn time of just 10 minutes for unprotected skin. Even in the warmer months of April and May, the UV Index remains elevated at 13, reinforcing the need for protective measures during outdoor activities. This prolonged exposure can lead to potential skin damage, underscoring the importance of awareness and sun safety in the region.
As the year progresses into fall and winter, the UV Index begins to taper off, yet it remains significantly high. November and December see a slight decrease to an index of 10, categorized as very high, with a corresponding increase in burn time to 15 minutes. While this offers a marginal respite compared to the extreme levels seen earlier, caution is still essential, particularly for communities reliant on outdoor labor or activities. This data highlights the importance of sun protection year-round in Southern Darfur, where UV levels can pose serious health risks.
UV Risk Categories
In Southern Darfur, Sudan, daylight duration exhibits a relatively stable pattern throughout the year, characterized by approximately 11 to 12 hours of sunlight each day. The year begins with 11 hours of daylight in January and February, providing a consistent but limited amount of natural light during the cooler months. As spring approaches, daylight begins to stretch slightly, peaking at 12 hours from March through September, offering an abundance of light that supports agricultural activities and daily routines in the region.
As the year transitions back toward winter, daylight duration gradually decreases once again. October marks a drop back to 11 hours, which continues through November and December. This cyclical pattern of light underscores the region's equatorial proximity, resulting in minimal fluctuations in day length compared to higher latitudes. The consistent length of daylight is crucial for local ecosystems and agricultural practices, allowing for predictable planting and harvesting cycles throughout the seasons in Southern Darfur.
Gereida, Sudan experiences a hot desert climate characterized by very high temperatures and minimal rainfall. Temperatures often peak from March to May, reaching up to 43°C (110°F), while the cooler months, such as January, see average highs around 25°C (76°F). Most of the annual precipitation occurs between May and September, with July and August being the wettest months, receiving over 110 mm (4.3 in) of rain. Sunshine hours are abundant throughout the year, ranging from 272 hours in January to 353 hours in May. For more detailed information, visit Gereida climate.
Nyala, Sudan experiences a hot desert climate with significant temperature variations throughout the year. Average temperatures range from a mild 23°C (74°F) in January to a peak of 32°C (90°F) in May, with maximums reaching up to 43°C (109°F). Precipitation is minimal, concentrated mostly in the summer months of July and August, totaling 90 mm (3.5 in) and 117 mm (4.6 in) respectively. The city enjoys abundant sunshine, with over 300 hours per month across most months, peaking in May with 355 hours. For more details, visit Nyala climate.
In conclusion, Southern Darfur, Sudan, is characterized by a unique climate and consistent environmental conditions that significantly influence daily life and agricultural practices. The region experiences extreme temperatures, with a notable rise in sunshine duration and UV Index during the warmer months, highlighting the need for sun protection and careful planning for outdoor activities. While daylight duration remains stable throughout the year, providing a reliable framework for agriculture, the pronounced seasonal trends in rainfall, temperature, and solar exposure underscore the importance of adapting to climatic variations. This comprehensive understanding of the local climate dynamics is essential for sustainable development and effective resource management in Southern Darfur.