Last updated: April 14, 2025
The climate of South Sudan is characterized by a striking range of temperatures and varying precipitation levels across its regions. January temperatures can drop to a minimum of 13°C (55°F) in Western Bahr al Ghazal and soar to a scorching maximum of 44°C (112°F) in March in Unity. Rainfall is notably inconsistent, with January receiving as little as 0 mm (0.0 in) in Upper Nile, while October can bring significant precipitation, peaking at 191 mm (7.5 in) in Central Equatoria. Humidity levels also vary dramatically, with an average low of 13% in February in Northern Bahr al Ghazal to an impressive high of 89% in October in Western Equatoria, creating a diverse climatic tapestry that impacts both the environment and livelihoods in the country.
South Sudan boasts a variety of climate zones primarily classified under the Köppen-Geiger system, with the Aw (tropical savanna) classification dominating most regions. Areas such as Central Equatoria, Eastern Equatoria, and Jonglei enjoy warm temperatures and a distinct wet and dry season. Meanwhile, regions like Northern Bahr al Ghazal and Unity experience a mix of Aw and BSh (semi-arid) climates, reflecting a gradual transition toward arid conditions. The varied climates in South Sudan, including areas like Upper Nile, Warrap, and Western Bahr al Ghazal, contribute to a rich ecological diversity that underscores the unique allure of this emerging nation.
| Climate Zone | Description |
|---|---|
| Aw | Tropical savanna climate with a dry season occurring in winter. |
| BSh | Hot semi-arid climate with low rainfall and high temperatures. |
South Sudan experiences a dramatic range of temperatures throughout the year, with January starting off relatively cool at a minimum of 13°C (55°F) in Western Bahr al Ghazal and soaring to scorching highs of 42°C (108°F) in Unity. As the months progress, temperatures gradually rise, peaking in March and April with maximums reaching up to 44°C (112°F) in Unity. The heat begins to temper by mid-year, with June through August showing slightly cooler temperatures, especially in Unity where highs drop to around 36-41°C (96-106°F). As September approaches, a subtle decline continues, leading to more moderate temperatures in the following months. By December, the mercury ranges from a cool 16°C (61°F) to a maximum of 40°C (105°F), reflecting a seasonal shift that offers a brief respite from the intense heat of the earlier months. This dynamic climate emphasizes South Sudan's unique weather patterns, making it a region of stark contrasts.
In South Sudan, precipitation patterns reveal a striking contrast between the dry and wet seasons. January typically marks the dry season, with certain regions like Upper Nile experiencing no rainfall, while the lush months of October in Central Equatoria can see precipitation peak at a remarkable 191 mm (7.5 in). This progression is mirrored in the number of rainy days; areas in Lakes record zero precipitation days in January, while the month of August can bring about a staggering 24 rainy days in regions like Unity. Such fluctuations underscore the region's vulnerability to both drought and flooding, influencing agriculture and water resources throughout the year.
In South Sudan, humidity levels showcase a dramatic seasonal fluctuation, influencing the country’s climate and daily life. The driest month, February, witnesses a minimum humidity of 13% in Northern Bahr al Ghazal, creating a parched environment ideal for agricultural activities. In stark contrast, October brings a peak in humidity, soaring to 89% in Western Equatoria, often accompanying the heavy rains of the wet season. This significant shift from dry to humid conditions not only affects agricultural practices but also shapes local ecosystems and the well-being of communities throughout the region.
In South Sudan, UV Index trends reveal notably high levels of ultraviolet radiation, particularly during the early months of the year. March sees an average daily maximum UVI of 16 in Eastern Equatoria, while the intensity increases further to 14 in April in Upper Nile. This progression highlights a significant exposure risk, emphasizing the need for sun safety awareness as the dry season peaks. With such elevated UV indices, residents and visitors alike must take proactive measures to protect their skin and health under the intense sun.
UV Risk Categories
The sunshine duration in South Sudan showcases a fascinating seasonal trend, with notable variations across regions. In January, both Western Equatoria and Eastern Equatoria experience a similar number of sunshine hours, with 274 and 278 hours, respectively. However, as the months progress, a striking increase occurs, particularly in Western Equatoria, where sunshine hours soar to 336 in March. The peak is observed in May in Upper Nile, boasting an impressive 346 hours of sunlight. This trend highlights not only the abundant sunshine that characterizes the region but also the seasonal shifts that impact the overall climate experience in South Sudan.
In South Sudan, the likelihood of enjoying sunny weather varies significantly throughout the year, particularly in the Upper Nile region. January stands out as the sunniest month, boasting an impressive 82% likelihood of clear skies, making it an ideal time for outdoor activities and exploration. In contrast, the sunniest days seem to dwindle by July, where the chances drop to 19%. This stark contrast highlights a trend of diminishing sunshine as the year progresses into the rainy season, suggesting that those seeking bright days should plan their visits for the early months of the year.
Daylight hours in South Sudan exhibit noteworthy seasonal variations, particularly in the Upper Nile region. In December, residents enjoy approximately 11 hours of daylight, creating a serene backdrop for the cooler winter months. As the year progresses into June, the daylight extends to around 12 hours, aligning with the summer season. This trend highlights the gradual increase in sunlight during the warmer months, which not only enhances daily activities but also plays a crucial role in agricultural practices across the region.
The climate in Central Equatoria, South Sudan, is characterized by a distinctly warm and humid atmosphere, with temperatures typically ranging from a mild 18°C (65°F) in January to scorching highs of up to 41°C (106°F) in the peak months of February and March. Rainfall begins to increase significantly in April, peaking in September with an impressive 170 mm (6.7 in), marking the heart of the rainy season. Humidity levels also rise, reaching a notable 89% in October, contributing to a lush, green landscape after the rains. For more insights into the climate patterns of this vibrant region, explore the details at Central Equatoria climate.
Eastern Equatoria, South Sudan, experiences a distinct and dynamic climate characterized by hot temperatures and seasonal rainfall. During the dry months from January to March, temperatures soar, with averages reaching up to 39°C (103°F), while humidity remains relatively comfortable. However, as the wet season kicks in from April to October, the region transforms, with rainfall peaking in August at 166 mm (6.5 in) and humidity climbing to 84% or higher, creating a lush and vibrant landscape. This shift not only cools the air but also revives the natural beauty of the area, inviting exploration and appreciation of its resilient ecosystems. For a deeper dive into this unique climate, visit Eastern Equatoria climate.
Jonglei, South Sudan experiences a tropical climate characterized by high temperatures and a pronounced wet season. From the scorching January highs reaching 41°C (106°F) to the slightly milder temperatures in July, the region is consistently warm, with average temperatures hovering around 31°C (88°F). Rainfall dramatically increases from April, peaking in August with 151 mm (6.0 in), while humidity also swells, reaching an uncomfortable 87%. For those interested in the climatic nuances of this region, more detailed information can be found at Jonglei climate.
In Lakes, South Sudan, the climate reveals a dramatic tapestry of heat and humidity throughout the year. January often starts off with comfortable temperatures ranging from 19°C to 41°C (67°F to 106°F), but as the months progress, the heat intensifies, peaking in February and March with maximums hitting 42°C (108°F). The rainy season sweeps in during May, bringing a substantial 120 mm (4.7 in) of precipitation and raising humidity levels to a sticky 78%. As the months shift to August, expect heavy rainfall and humidity to soar, reaching 87%—a stark contrast to the drier months at the beginning of the year. For a more detailed exploration of this unique climate, visit Lakes climate.
The climate in Northern Bahr al Ghazal, South Sudan is characterized by a dramatic range of temperatures and seasonal precipitation. With January temperatures starting at a cool 16°C (61°F), the region quickly heats up, peaking at 43°C (109°F) in February and March. The wet season, spanning from May to August, transforms the landscape with heavy rainfall, reaching up to 165 mm (6.5 in) in August, while humidity levels soar to 86%. As the year progresses, the dry months from November to December bring relief with lower humidity and minimal rainfall, making it a fascinating yet challenging climate for residents and visitors alike. For more detailed information, visit Northern Bahr al Ghazal climate.
Nestled in Unity, South Sudan, the climate showcases a warm and vibrant atmosphere throughout the year. Temperatures soar during the hottest months, peaking at around 44°C (112°F) in March and April, while cooling slightly to the low 30s°C (mid 80s°F) by October. The region experiences a distinct wet season from May to September, where humidity levels rise significantly, often exceeding 80%, and rainfall becomes more frequent, with July receiving up to 154 mm (6.1 in). Overall, the climate in Unity is characterized by hot days and cooler nights, making it essential to stay hydrated and adjust plans according to the weather. For more details, visit Unity climate.
In the Upper Nile region of South Sudan, the climate dances between extremes, showcasing a striking range in temperatures throughout the year. While January and February greet the year with mild nights around 17°C (63°F) and scorching days soaring to 42°C (108°F), the rainy season from May to September brings relief with increased humidity, peaking at 84% in August. Precipitation significantly rises, especially in July, with up to 160 mm (6.3 in) of rain, transforming the landscape. However, as the dry season takes hold from December to February, humidity drops, and conditions become more arid. For a deeper dive into the fascinating climate of this region, explore Upper Nile climate.
Warrap, South Sudan, experiences a tropical climate with distinct wet and dry seasons. From January to April, temperatures soar, peaking in March and April at a sweltering 43°C (110°F), while humidity remains relatively low, particularly in February at just 17%. As the rains begin in May, the temperatures drop slightly, and humidity rises significantly, reaching a peak of 86% in August when average temperatures linger around 26°C (79°F). The region receives most of its annual rainfall from June to September, with July seeing the heaviest downpour of 148 mm (5.8 in), providing a sharp contrast to the dry months of January and December, which receive no rain at all. For more detailed information, check out the Warrap climate.
The climate in Western Bahr al Ghazal, South Sudan, is characterized by hot temperatures and a distinct wet and dry season. From January to April, the region experiences sweltering highs peaking at around 43°C (110°F), with minimal rainfall and low humidity. However, this changes dramatically in the rainy season from May to September, where rainfall soars to over 160 mm (6.5 in) and humidity levels rise above 80%, making the air feel particularly oppressive. As the year concludes, October to December brings a reprieve with decreased precipitation and lower temperatures, creating a more comfortable environment. For further insights into the region's climate, check out Western Bahr al Ghazal climate.
The climate in Western Equatoria, South Sudan is characterized by high temperatures and seasonal rainfall. With January and February averaging around 30°C (86°F), the heat peaks in the dry season, where temperatures can soar to 40°C (105°F). As the wet season approaches from March to October, humidity levels rise dramatically, reaching up to 89% in October, accompanied by significant rainfall, particularly in May and September, with precipitation exceeding 165 mm (6.5 in). This lush, tropical environment supports vibrant ecosystems and diverse wildlife, making it a unique region in South Sudan. For a detailed overview, explore the Western Equatoria climate.
The climate of South Sudan presents a striking contrast between extremes and variability, shaping both its environment and its communities. Temperatures soar to a blistering 44°C (112°F) in March in Unity, while the January chill in Western Bahr al Ghazal can drop to a cool 13°C (55°F). Rainfall patterns reveal significant seasonal shifts, with October bringing a peak of 191 mm (7.5 in) in Central Equatoria, contrasting sharply with the dry spell of 0 mm in January in Upper Nile. Humidity levels also vary dramatically, ranging from a dry 13% in February in Northern Bahr al Ghazal to a humid 89% in October in Western Equatoria. Such fluctuations not only highlight the climatic diversity within South Sudan but also underscore the adaptive challenges faced by its population throughout the year.