Last updated: January 18, 2025
Lumbini Province, Nepal, experiences a diverse climate characterized by the Köppen-Geiger classifications of Cwa and Cwb. The region endures seasonal temperature variations, with a minimum of 0°C (33°F) recorded in January, rising to an average of 23°C (73°F) throughout the year. Notably, the peak temperatures can reach 43°C (109°F) in June, illustrating a significant disparity between the cooler winter months and the sweltering summer heat. This climatic profile plays a crucial role in shaping the local ecosystem and influencing agricultural practices in the province.
Lumbini Province, Nepal, showcases distinct seasonal temperature trends throughout the year. The winter months of January and February experience cooler temperatures, with January recording a minimum of 0°C (33°F) and an average of 13°C (55°F), gradually warming in February to a minimum of 3°C (37°F) and an average of 16°C (61°F). March marks the transition into spring, where temperatures rise notably, peaking in April and May with maximums reaching 41°C (106°F) and 42°C (107°F) respectively. The onset of summer in June brings about the highest temperatures, with a maximum of 43°C (109°F), while July and August maintain warm averages of 28°C (82°F), before temperatures slightly decline in September and October. The shift back to cooler conditions occurs in November, leading to the winter lows seen in December. This yearly cycle underscores the region's tropical climate, characterized by significant temperature fluctuations and a noticeable warm season.
Tansen and Butwal share similar temperature ranges, with minimums of 3°C (38°F) in January and maximums reaching 37°C (99°F) in June, as detailed in their respective climate profiles available at monthly temperatures in Tansen and monthly temperatures in Butwal. In contrast, Siddharthanagar experiences slightly warmer conditions, with a minimum of 4°C (40°F) in January and an impressive maximum of 42°C (107°F) in June, as described in the link for monthly temperatures in Siddharthanagar.
Lumbini Province, Nepal, exhibits a pronounced seasonal precipitation pattern that is characteristic of its tropical climate. The early months of the year, from January to March, see relatively low rainfall, with January receiving only 25 mm (1.0 in) and February slightly less at 23 mm (0.9 in). Precipitation begins to increase in April, reaching 45 mm (1.8 in), and escalates significantly in May as pre-monsoon showers contribute to 119 mm (4.7 in). These months, although still variable, signal the approaching monsoon season, which dominates the region from June to September.
During the monsoon, Lumbini experiences its heaviest rainfall, peaking in July with an astounding 526 mm (20.7 in), followed closely by August at 429 mm (16.9 in). This intense precipitation sustains the province's lush vegetation but also poses challenges such as flooding. After the monsoon, September sees a decline in rainfall at 298 mm (11.7 in) before transitioning into a drier October with 44 mm (1.7 in). The late months of the year, particularly November and December, witness minimal rainfall, with just 5 mm (0.2 in) and 13 mm (0.5 in) respectively, marking the end of the wet season. Overall, Lumbini’s precipitation patterns highlight a stark contrast between the dry winter months and the torrential summer rains, essential for local agriculture and ecology.
Lumbini Province, Nepal, experiences a clear seasonal trend in sunshine duration, with the sunniest months occurring in the late spring and early summer. Starting in January, the province enjoys 240 hours of sunshine, which gradually increases through February with 282 hours and further accelerates into March, reaching 341 hours. April and May represent the peak of sunshine, with May leading at 363 hours, providing ample sunlight for both agriculture and outdoor activities. Even in June, the region maintains robust sunshine with 340 hours, although the onset of the monsoon season begins to temper bright days.
As the summer heat gives way to the monsoon rains, July and August see a notable decline in sunshine, with each month offering only 277 hours. This reduction indicates the heavy cloud cover and rain typical of these months, impacting sunlight availability. However, following the monsoon, September sees a rebound with 303 hours of sunshine, setting the stage for a gradual recovery through October (321 hours) and November (291 hours). By December, the province retains 289 hours of sunshine, marking a return to clearer skies. Overall, Lumbini's sunshine trends illustrate a dynamic interplay between seasonal changes, where the peak summer sunshine contrasts sharply with the subdued light of the monsoon months.
The UV Index in Lumbini Province, Nepal, demonstrates significant seasonal variation, reflecting the region's geographical position and climatic changes throughout the year. In the early months of the year, January and February start with a high UV index of 6 and 7, respectively, where a safe exposure time to the sun is 25 minutes. However, as spring approaches, March sees a significant jump to a very high UV index of 10, reducing safe sun exposure to 15 minutes. The months of April and May bring about even more intense sunlight, with an extreme UV index of 11 and 12, respectively, demanding careful consideration for sun safety with only 10 minutes of safe exposure time.
The peak UV intensity occurs during the summer months, particularly from June to July, where the UV index reaches 13 and 14, representing extremely high levels of solar radiation and necessitating strict sun protection measures within just 10 minutes of exposure. As the monsoon season progresses into August, the UV index remains at a critical level of 13, before tapering off in September to 11. October and November witness a gradual decline, returning to a very high index of 10 and dropping to 7 in November. Finally, December marks the lowest point of the year with a moderate UV index of 5 and an increased safe exposure time of 30 minutes. This data underscores the importance of sun protection, particularly during the high-risk months, to mitigate the dangers of UV radiation in Lumbini.
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In Lumbini Province, Nepal, daylight duration exhibits a notable seasonal pattern, reflecting the region's geographic location. The year begins with about 10 hours of daylight in January, gradually increasing in February as the length of the day extends to 11 hours. March maintains this duration before a shift occurs in April, where daylight hours reach 12. This trend continues into the summer months of May and June, with the province enjoying up to 13 hours of daylight, providing ample time for outdoor activities and agricultural practices.
As summer wanes, daylight duration shows a slight decline starting in September, where it again measures 12 hours. The subsequent months of October and November see a reduction to 11 and 10 hours, respectively, as the region transitions back into winter. By December, daylight duration stabilizes at 10 hours, mirroring the conditions seen at the beginning of the year. This cyclical pattern of daylight helps shape daily life and seasonal rhythms in Lumbini, offering a consistent framework for agricultural and cultural activities throughout the year.
Bardiya, Nepal experiences a tropical climate characterized by hot summers and mild winters. Average temperatures range from a low of 5°C (41°F) in January to a high of 42°C (108°F) in June, with the hottest months typically being May and June. The region receives significant rainfall from June to September, peaking in July with about 381 mm (15.0 in) of precipitation. Despite the heavy rainfall during the monsoon season, Bardiya enjoys abundant sunshine, particularly in March (340 hours) and April (350 hours). For more details, visit Bardiya climate.
Butwal, Nepal experiences a diverse climate characterized by warm summers and mild winters. Temperatures range from a minimum of 3°C (38°F) in January to a maximum of 37°C (99°F) in May and June, with average temperatures peaking around 25°C (78°F) during the summer months. Rainfall is significant, particularly from June to September, with July being the wettest month at 726 mm (28.6 in). Sunshine is abundant, especially in the spring and early summer, providing over 350 hours of sunlight in May. For more detailed information, visit Butwal climate.
Nepalgunj experiences a subtropical climate characterized by significant temperature variations and seasonal rainfall. Winters (December to February) are mild with temperatures ranging from 5°C to 27°C (41°F to 82°F) and low precipitation. The summer months (June to September) bring high temperatures peaking at 43°C (109°F) alongside heavy rainfall, particularly in July with 356mm (14.0 inches). The region enjoys abundant sunshine, especially from March to May, with May recording the highest sun hours at 365. For more details, visit Nepalgunj climate.
Siddharthanagar, Nepal experiences a subtropical climate characterized by warm summers and mild winters. Average temperatures range from 14°C (58°F) in January to a peak of 29°C (85°F) in May, with maximum temperatures reaching up to 42°C (107°F) in June. The region sees significant rainfall during the monsoon months, particularly in July with 514 mm (20.2 in), while winter months remain drier. Sunshine is abundant, especially from March to May, with over 340 hours of sunlight each month. For more detailed information, visit Siddharthanagar climate.
Tansen, Nepal experiences a diverse climate throughout the year, with temperatures ranging from a chilly 3°C (38°F) in January to a warm 37°C (99°F) in May and June. The city sees significant rainfall from June to August, peaking in July with 726 mm (28.6 in), making it the wettest month. Despite the heavy rains, Tansen enjoys a good amount of sunshine, particularly in the spring months, with May averaging 357 hours of sunlight. The weather becomes milder in the autumn and winter months, with January and February receiving minimal precipitation. For more details, visit Tansen climate.
In conclusion, Lumbini Province, Nepal, presents a rich tapestry of climatic conditions characterized by distinct seasonal variations in temperature, precipitation, sunshine duration, UV index, and daylight hours. The region experiences hot summers with intense sunlight and elevated UV levels, juxtaposed against cooler winter months marked by reduced daylight and milder sunlight exposure. The monsoon season profoundly influences both rainfall and cloud cover, impacting agriculture and daily life. Understanding these climatic and environmental factors is crucial for the local population, as well as for visitors to this culturally significant area, ensuring informed decisions regarding agricultural practices, sun safety, and outdoor activities throughout the year.