Last updated: January 18, 2025
Semnan, Iran, exhibits a diverse climate defined by its Köppen-Geiger classifications: BSk, Csa, and BWh. Characterized by an arid to semi-arid environment, the region experiences extreme temperature variations throughout the year. The coldest month is January, with temperatures dropping to a biting minimum of -14°C (8°F), while the scorching summer peaks reach a maximum of 44°C (111°F) in July. The average annual temperature settles around a mild 16°C (61°F), reflecting the complex interplay of climate influences that define this unique geographic area.
In Semnan, Iran, temperature patterns exhibit a clear seasonal variation, transitioning from the biting cold of winter to the sweltering heat of summer. January and February are marked by frigid lows of -14°C (8°F), gradually warming as spring approaches, with temperatures in March beginning to climb significantly, showcased by a maximum of 31°C (88°F). The onset of spring in April brings even milder weather, leading to 30°C (86°F) in May as the region shifts towards summer. June heralds the arrival of intense heat, peaking in July and August with maximum temperatures soaring to 44°C (111°F). As autumn arrives, temperatures begin to decline, with October and November experiencing cooler days, reflecting a range that falls back to winter-like conditions by December, where lows can reach -12°C (11°F) once again. This seasonal flux illustrates the stark climatic contrasts that define Semnan's weather throughout the year.
Damghan experiences a significant temperature range throughout the year, with January seeing a minimum temperature of -14°C (8°F) and July reaching a maximum of 38°C (100°F). This fluctuation highlights the region's diverse climate and can impact both daily life and seasonal activities. For more detailed monthly temperatures in Damghan, visit monthly temperatures in Damghan.
Precipitation patterns in Semnan, Iran, demonstrate a distinct seasonal cycle, with rainfall peaking during the colder months and diminishing significantly in summer. January begins the year with 20 mm (0.8 in) of rainfall over 4 days, while February sees an increase to 32 mm (1.3 in) over 6 days. March marks the transition to spring, bringing 39 mm (1.5 in), maintaining a higher frequency of precipitation with 6 days of rain. April remains wet with 40 mm (1.6 in), indicating that early spring is crucial for replenishing water resources in the region.
As the year progresses into the summer months, Semnan experiences a sharp decline in precipitation, with June, July, and August collectively receiving only 21 mm (0.8 in) of rain over a mere 4 days. The dry conditions continue into September, contributing a scant 8 mm (0.3 in) over 1 day. However, autumn brings a revival of moisture, with notable amounts recorded in October (21 mm, 4 days) and November (31 mm, 6 days), before culminating with a return to winter conditions in December with 20 mm (0.8 in) of rain spanning 5 days. This seasonal rainfall pattern underscores the marked contrast between the moist and arid phases of Semnan's climate.
In Semnan, Iran, sunshine duration follows a pronounced seasonal trend, with a steady increase from winter through summer. January starts the year with 226 hours of sunshine, gradually climbing each month. By March, sunshine hours rise significantly to 324 hours, signaling the arrival of spring. April continues this upward trajectory, reaching 341 hours, and May sees a notable surge to 382 hours, as longer days and clearer skies become more prevalent. The peak of summer arrives in July, where Semnan basks under the sun for 400 hours, marking the month with the highest sunshine duration. This consistent increase illustrates the region's transition from the cooler, cloudier days of winter to the vibrant, sun-filled days of summer.
As summer tapsers off, sunlight hours begin their descent again. August still enjoys a substantial 381 hours, but by September, sunshine decreases to 344 hours as autumn progresses. October continues this decline with 320 hours, while November and December see further reductions, finishing the year with 264 hours and 272 hours, respectively. The shift towards shorter days and increased cloud cover during the latter months of the year highlights the cyclical nature of Semnan's climate, where the contrast between the sun-drenched summer and the more subdued winter is both striking and reflective of the region's semi-arid characteristics.
In Semnan, Iran, the UV Index varies significantly throughout the year, reflecting the intense solar radiation that shapes the region's climate. January starts with a moderate UV Index of 5, allowing for a reasonable exposure time of 30 minutes before sunburn may occur. As winter gives way to spring, February sees a rise to 6, categorized as high, and the burn time decreases to 25 minutes. The index escalates dramatically in March, reaching 9 and transitioning to a very high exposure category, where a mere 15 minutes can result in sunburn. This upward trend continues into April with an even higher index of 10, emphasizing the need for protective measures as spring days grow increasingly more intense.
The peak UV Index occurs during the summer months, with May and June registering an extreme rating of 13, requiring minimal exposure time of just 10 minutes to avoid skin damage. The index slightly drops in July to 12 and in August to 11, though still remaining in the extreme category. As autumn approaches, the UV Index decreases to 10 in September, maintaining a very high classification. October moderates further to 7 (high), while November and December return to more manageable levels of 5 and 4, respectively, both classified as moderate. These fluctuations underscore the importance of sun safety practices, particularly during the peak UV months, to mitigate the risks associated with high ultraviolet exposure in Semnan.
UV Risk Categories
In Semnan, Iran, daylight duration varies distinctly across the seasons, beginning the year with approximately 10 hours of light in both January and February. As spring approaches, March sees this number increase to 11 hours, heralding the longer days and warming temperatures associated with the season. This trend continues into April, where daylight extends to 13 hours, peaking in May and June with a maximum of 14 hours. The prolonged daylight during these months not only enhances outdoor activities but also supports agricultural practices, vital to the region's economy.
As summer gradually transitions into autumn, daylight hours begin to decrease again. July maintains the peak of 14 hours, but as August winds down, daylight diminishes slightly to 13 hours. By September, the daylight reduces further to 12 hours, continuing the downward trend into October with 11 hours. This decline persists through November, dropping back to 10 hours, and was capped by December’s shortest duration of about 9 hours. These seasonal shifts in daylight duration illustrate the cyclical nature of Semnan's climate, impacting daily life and seasonal activities throughout the year.
Damghan, Iran experiences a continental climate characterized by cold winters and hot summers. Temperatures range from a frigid minimum of -14°C (8°F) in January to a sweltering maximum of 38°C (100°F) in July, with averages peaking at 25°C (77°F) during the warm months. Precipitation is relatively low, with March receiving the highest at 56 mm (2.2 in), while June and August are the driest months, each recording just 17 mm (0.7 in). The region enjoys substantial sunshine, notably in summer, with July boasting 396 hours of sunlight. For detailed climate information, visit Damghan climate.
In conclusion, Semnan, Iran, presents a rich tapestry of climatic and seasonal variations characterized by its temperature fluctuations, sunshine duration, UV Index, and daylight hours. The region experiences extreme temperatures, sharply transitioning from cold winters to scorching summers, while its precipitation patterns reveal a significant reliance on moisture during spring and autumn. The abundant sunshine hours during warmer months highlight the potential for outdoor activities and solar energy utilization but also necessitate vigilance regarding UV exposure. As daylight duration changes throughout the year, it influences the daily rhythms of life in Semnan, underscoring the interplay between climate and human activity. Understanding these climatic dynamics is essential for residents and planners alike, as they navigate the challenges and opportunities presented by the region's distinctive environment.