Last updated: January 18, 2025
Qom, Iran, is classified under the Köppen-Geiger climate system as a BSh type, indicative of a hot semi-arid climate. Characterized by a wide temperature range, Qom experiences minimum temperatures plunging to -11°C (13°F) in January, while summer peaks can soar to maximums of 45°C (113°F) in July. The annual average temperature hovers around 21°C (70°F), highlighting the region's distinctly warm conditions throughout the year. This climatic profile underscores the climatic extremes that define Qom's environment, influencing both local weather patterns and the ecosystem.
Qom, Iran, exhibits distinct seasonal temperature variations, beginning with the coldest months of January and February, where minimums dip as low as -11°C (13°F) and gradually rise to -9°C (17°F), accompanied by average temperatures around 7°C (45°F) and 10°C (50°F), respectively. As spring approaches in March and April, temperatures rise significantly, with March averaging 16°C (61°F) and peaking at 34°C (94°F), while April showcases even warmer conditions, averaging 21°C (70°F). The transition into summer brings extreme heat, particularly from May to August, where highs commonly reach between 41°C (107°F) and 45°C (113°F), indicating the height of warmth in July. Cooler autumn and winter months return in September through December, with temperatures dropping to a minimum of -2°C (28°F) in December, reflecting the region's dramatic shifts from peak summer heat to biting winter chill.
Qom experiences significant temperature fluctuations throughout the year, with minimum temperatures plunging to -11°C (13°F) in January and soaring to a scorching maximum of 45°C (113°F) in July. For more detailed monthly temperature data, visit monthly temperatures in Qom.
Qom, Iran, experiences a disproportionate distribution of precipitation throughout the year, with the bulk of rainfall concentrated in the winter and early spring months. January begins the year with 15 mm (0.6 in) of rain over approximately 4 days, while February sees an increase to 25 mm (1.0 in). The trend continues into March with 36 mm (1.4 in) of rain, marking it as the wettest month. Conversely, April and May witness a decline in precipitation to 22 mm (0.8 in) and 19 mm (0.7 in), respectively, indicating a gradual transition toward drier conditions as warmer temperatures set in.
The summer months, particularly from June to September, are characterized by minimal to no rainfall, with June recording a meager 2 mm (0.1 in) and July and August reporting virtually no precipitation. This dry spell persists into September until the onset of autumn. As the year progresses, October sees a slight rebound with 8 mm (0.3 in), while November brings a notable increase to 28 mm (1.1 in), reflecting the return of wetter conditions. December concludes the year with 20 mm (0.8 in) of rain, showcasing the seasonal cycle of precipitation that defines Qom's arid climate.
Qom, Iran, experiences a significant variation in sunshine duration throughout the year, showcasing a steady increase from winter to summer. January begins the year with 230 hours of sunshine, which gradually rises in February to 273 hours. As spring approaches, March and April demonstrate a remarkable surge in sunlight hours, reaching 323 hours and 337 hours, respectively. This upward trend continues through May, where residents bask in 381 hours of sun, setting the stage for the sunniest months of the year.
The peak sunshine occurs during the summer months, with June, July, and August delivering 397 hours, 399 hours, and 380 hours of sunlight, respectively. These figures highlight July as the pinnacle of sunshine in Qom, providing nearly 400 hours for sun-seekers. However, as autumn sets in, a gradual decline is observed, with September and October showing 346 hours and 317 hours of sunshine. The year concludes with reduced sunshine in November and December, recording 264 hours and 275 hours, respectively. This seasonal pattern not only highlights Qom's abundant sunshine during summer but also emphasizes the sharper contrasts in illumination between seasons.
The UV Index in Qom, Iran, exhibits significant seasonal fluctuations, reflecting the region's varying sun exposure throughout the year. In January, the UV Index stands at 4, categorized as moderate, with a burn time of 30 minutes. As the year progresses into February, the UV Index increases to 6, categorized as high, resulting in a reduced burn time of 25 minutes. This upward trend continues into March and April, where the UV Index reaches 8 and 9, both categorized as very high, with the burn time dropping to just 15 minutes, underscoring the intensifying sun exposure as spring transitions into a warmer climate.
The peak UV Index occurs in May and June, where it escalates to an extreme level of 12, necessitating a burn time of only 10 minutes for unprotected skin. Although July sees a slight reduction to 11, it remains in the extreme category, while August and September follow with values of 10 and 9, respectively, indicating persistent high sun exposure. As autumn approaches, the UV Index moderates, dropping to 7 in October and easing further to 5 in November, before descending to 3 in December, indicating a return to moderate levels of sun exposure. This seasonal pattern highlights the importance of sun protection during the late spring and summer months when the UV Index reaches its highest levels.
UV Risk Categories
In Qom, Iran, daylight duration exhibits distinct seasonal patterns, characterized by gradual increases and decreases throughout the year. The year starts with consistent daylight of 10 hours in both January and February, providing a stable yet limited exposure to sunlight during the winter months. As spring arrives in March, daylight begins to extend to 11 hours, and this trend continues into April and May, where it reaches 13 hours. With the arrival of June, Qom enjoys its longest days, peaking at 14 hours of daylight, which marks the height of the sun's availability.
Following the summer months, daylight hours gradually decrease, starting from 14 hours in July and tapering to 13 hours in August. By September, daylight diminishes to 12 hours, continuing its decline into autumn. October sees 11 hours of daylight, while November and December wrap up the year with 10 hours and a shorter 9 hours of daylight, respectively. This cyclical pattern underscores the importance of adapting to the changing light conditions across the seasons, with longer days facilitating outdoor activities in summer and shorter days prompting more indoor pursuits during the winter months.
The climate in Qom, Iran, is characterized by hot summers and cold winters. January features low temperatures as low as -11°C (13°F) and averages around 7°C (45°F), while July sees highs reaching 45°C (113°F) and average temperatures of 35°C (95°F). Precipitation is relatively low, particularly in the summer months, with July and August receiving virtually no rainfall. The city enjoys substantial sunshine throughout the year, peaking at 399 hours in July. For more detailed information, visit Qom climate.
In conclusion, Qom, Iran, presents a diverse climate marked by significant variations in temperature, precipitation, sunshine duration, UV Index, and daylight hours throughout the year. With its hot semi-arid climate, residents experience extreme summer heat alongside marked seasonal shifts, where winter months provide much-needed relief. The region's precipitation is concentrated largely in the cooler months, while sunshine duration peaks during the summer, coinciding with the highest UV Index readings that signal increased sun exposure risks. Understanding these climatic trends is essential for residents and visitors alike, encouraging appropriate adaptations to maximize outdoor enjoyment while ensuring health and safety in the face of extreme conditions.