Last updated: January 18, 2025
The climate of Golestan, Iran, is characterized by a diverse array of conditions captured within the Köppen-Geiger climate classes BSk (Cold Semi-Arid), BSh (Hot Semi-Arid), and Csa (Mediterranean Hot-Summer). The region experiences a notable temperature range, with a minimum recorded temperature plunging to -13°C (10°F) in February, showcasing the chill of winter. This is contrasted by a scorching average temperature of 17°C (62°F) throughout the year and a peak of 46°C (115°F) in July, highlighting the intense heat of the summer months. Collectively, these climatic attributes underline the unique and varied weather phenomena prevalent in Golestan.
In Golestan, Iran, temperature patterns reveal distinct seasonal variations that shape the climate throughout the year. Winter months, particularly January and February, experience substantial cold, with minimum temperatures dipping as low as -13°C (10°F); however, daytime highs can reach 28°C (83°F) in February, indicating moderate warmth during the day. Spring brings a gradual warming trend, with March and April seeing average temperatures rise from 11°C (51°F) to 15°C (59°F) and maximums peaking at 36°C (96°F) by April. As summer unfolds, temperatures soar, particularly in July, where averages approach a sweltering 28°C (82°F) and maximums hit an extreme 46°C (115°F). The late summer months of August and September remain warm, yet temperatures begin to moderate in October, as autumn sets in, featuring a notable drop to averages of 17°C (63°F) and highs of around 38°C (100°F). The year wraps up with colder conditions re-emerging in November and December, where temperatures again dip to their yearly lows, emphasizing Golestan's notable temperature fluctuations across the seasons.
Gonbad-e Kavus experiences a wide temperature range throughout the year, with January temperatures plummeting to a minimum of -8°C (18°F) and soaring to a maximum of 46°C (115°F) in July. This fluctuation highlights the region's diverse climate, making it a unique location for temperature extremes. For more detailed insights, visit monthly temperatures in Gonbad-e Kavus.
Precipitation in Golestan, Iran, exhibits a distinct seasonal pattern, with the winter months typically experiencing the highest rainfall. January and February record significant rainfall, accumulating 59 mm (2.3 in) and 78 mm (3.1 in), respectively, with February having an average of 10 rainfall days. The trend of increased precipitation continues into March, peaking at 95 mm (3.7 in) before slightly declining in April to 94 mm (3.7 in). This wet season is crucial for the region, providing necessary moisture as it transitions into the warmer months.
As the year progresses toward summer, the rainfall in Golestan diminishes considerably, particularly by June, which sees just 19 mm (0.8 in) of precipitation and only 3 rainy days. July and August bring slight increases to 35 mm (1.4 in) and 31 mm (1.2 in), respectively, but the overall pattern remains dry. It isn't until October that rainfall begins to rise again, leading into the cooler months, with October receiving 62 mm (2.4 in) and November following closely with 57 mm (2.2 in). This cyclical shift underscores the contrast between the wet winter and the dry summer, essential for understanding the region's climate dynamics.
In Golestan, Iran, the sunshine duration shows a clear seasonal progression, with a notable increase in hours as winter transitions into summer. Beginning with January, the region experiences 220 hours of sunshine, which gradually rises to 263 hours in February and further accelerates through the spring months. March and April see an impressive increase, with sunshine hours climbing to 309 and 328 hours, respectively. By May, the trend continues, peaking at 379 hours, while June ushers in nearly the same warmth and brightness, reaching 393 hours. This steady ascent reflects the region’s shift toward longer, sunnier days that characterize the warmer months.
Summer is the pinnacle of sunshine in Golestan, with July recording an all-time high of 395 hours of sunshine—ideal for outdoor activities and the agricultural cycles that thrive in this sunny climate. However, as summer wanes, sunshine hours begin to gradually decline; August experiences a drop to 379 hours, followed by a continuing decrease in September (339 hours) and October (316 hours). By November and December, the pattern reverses again, with sunshine hours dropping to 271 and 269 hours, respectively. This cyclical variation underscores the dynamic nature of Golestan's climate, offering a rich tapestry of seasonal changes that play a crucial role in the region's ecology and lifestyle.
The UV Index in Golestan, Iran, reflects significant seasonal variations that are crucial for understanding sun exposure risks throughout the year. In the winter months of January and February, the UV Index registers at a moderate level of 4 and 5, respectively, allowing for longer safe exposure times of up to 30 minutes without protection. However, as spring approaches, a noticeable increase occurs, with March and April exhibiting very high UV levels of 8 and 9, where the safe burn time drops to just 15 minutes. This trend highlights the growing intensity of solar radiation as the region transitions to warmer weather.
Summer months intensify the UV exposure, with the Index peaking at extreme levels of 11 in May, June, and July, necessitating strict precautions during the hottest days, as safe exposure is limited to just 10 minutes. Although August maintains a high of 10, the Index slowly declines in September and October, returning to more manageable levels of 9 and 7, with burn times increasing to 15 and 25 minutes, respectively. As the days grow shorter and cooler, November and December bring the UV Index down to moderate levels of 4 and 3, extending safe exposure times back to 30 minutes. This cyclical pattern emphasizes the importance of sun safety measures, particularly during the height of summer when UV radiation is at its most potent.
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In Golestan, Iran, daylight duration demonstrates a clear seasonal cycle, beginning with the shorter days of winter. In January, residents experience only 9 hours of daylight, which gradually increases to 10 hours in February and 11 hours in March as spring approaches. The trend continues with a significant leap in April, where daylight extends to 13 hours, reaching its peak in the summer months. This increase reflects the region’s gradual transition towards longer days that accompany the arrival of warmer weather, allowing for more time for outdoor activities and agricultural practices.
As summer settles in, daylight remains stable at 14 hours in May, June, and July, providing ample sunlight for the community. However, with the onset of late summer and fall, daylight begins to decrease again; August sees a slight decline to 13 hours, followed by a further reduction to 12 hours in September. This pattern continues into autumn and winter, with daylight shortening to 11 hours in October, 10 hours in November, and returning to 9 hours by December. This rhythmic variation in daylight duration underscores the importance of adapting lifestyles to the changing seasons in Golestan, shaped by the interplay of daylight and climate.
The climate in Gonbad-e Kavus, Iran, features a continental pattern with significant temperature variations throughout the year. Winters are cold, with January temperatures ranging from -8°C to 23°C, while summers are hot, with July highs reaching up to 46°C. Precipitation is prevalent from January to April, peaking in March at 90 mm, but decreases in the warmer months. The region enjoys abundant sunshine, particularly in the summer, with July averaging 398 hours. For more detailed information, visit Gonbad-e Kavus climate.
In conclusion, the climatic characteristics of Golestan, Iran, reveal a dynamic interplay of temperature, precipitation, sunshine duration, UV Index, and daylight hours throughout the year. The region experiences a striking seasonal contrast, transitioning from cold winters with limited daylight and moderate UV levels to hot summers characterized by high temperatures, extended sunlight, and extreme UV exposure. Understanding these climatic patterns is crucial for both the residents and visitors to Golestan, as they highlight the need for adaptive strategies in managing sun exposure, agricultural practices, and daily activities. Overall, the rich climatic variations in Golestan not only shape the local environment but also offer valuable insights into the ecological and societal rhythms tied to this unique region.