Last updated: January 18, 2025
San Marcos, Guatemala, exhibits a diverse climate characterized by its Köppen-Geiger classifications, primarily Aw (Tropical Savanna) and Cwb (Temperate Climate). The region experiences a notable temperature range, with minimums dipping to 4°C (40°F) in February and soaring to a maximum of 38°C (101°F) in May. The average temperature stabilizes around 19°C (67°F), ensuring that the climate remains largely temperate despite periodic extremes. This variability in temperature, alongside the distinct climate classifications, shapes the unique ecological and agricultural dynamics found in San Marcos.
The temperature patterns in San Marcos, Guatemala, reveal a distinct seasonal progression throughout the year. From January to March, the area experiences a gradual warming trend, with average temperatures rising from 18°C (64°F) to 19°C (67°F) and maximums peaking at 37°C (99°F) by March. April and May mark the hottest months, where temperatures reach their zenith, with maximums soaring to 38°C (100°F) and 38°C (101°F), respectively. As the rainy season approaches in June, temperatures plateau around 20°C (68°F) for averages, while maximum temperatures slightly decline to the mid-30s °C. During the latter half of the year, from July to October, temperatures stabilize, with averages consistent at 19-20°C (66-68°F) and maximums gradually decreasing to around 35°C (95°F). The transition into December brings cooler nights, with minimum temperatures returning to 5°C (41°F), reinforcing the region's temperate climate dynamics.
Tajumulco experiences a varied climate, with temperatures ranging from a minimum of 9°C (48°F) in February to a maximum of 28°C (82°F) in April. For more details on the monthly temperatures in Tajumulco, visit monthly temperatures in Tajumulco.
San Marcos, Guatemala, experiences a significant variation in precipitation throughout the year, reflecting a clear wet and dry season pattern. January and February are the driest months, receiving 30 mm (1.2 in) and 27 mm (1.1 in) of rain, respectively, with rainfall spread over just a few days (7 and 8 days). The onset of rainfall begins to intensify in March, where precipitation increases to 58 mm (2.3 in), heralding the approach of the rainy season. Notably, April marks a dramatic rise with 121 mm (4.8 in), while May ushers in the peak of the rainy season, delivering an impressive 388 mm (15.3 in) of rainfall over 29 days.
As the rainy season continues, San Marcos sees its highest precipitation levels from June to September. During this period, June receives the most significant amount of rain at 438 mm (17.3 in), followed closely by September with 410 mm (16.2 in), ensuring lush landscapes and replenished water sources. The rainfall remains substantial through July and August, with totals of 258 mm (10.1 in) and 380 mm (15.0 in), respectively. After a gradual decrease in rainfall throughout the autumn, October retains considerable moisture at 364 mm (14.3 in), while November and December begin to signal a return to the drier months, with 122 mm (4.8 in) and 38 mm (1.5 in) of rain, respectively, wrapping up the annual cycle.
In San Marcos, Guatemala, the sunshine duration follows a distinct yearly pattern, reflecting a steady increase from the winter months into the summer. January begins with 253 hours of sunshine, gradually climbing through February (286 hours) and March (322 hours) to peak in April with 312 hours. This period showcases the transition from the cooler dry season to the warmer months, where increased sunlight contributes to the vibrant landscape. Despite a slight dip in sunshine hours in May (300 hours), the overall trend underscores a significant rise as the region moves deeper into the dry season.
As the rainy season approaches, sunshine hours begin to fluctuate but remain substantial. June experiences a noticeable reduction to 260 hours as precipitation starts to rise, signaling the onset of more overcast conditions. However, July and August rebound slightly with 307 hours and 297 hours, respectively, indicating mixed weather patterns during the height of the rainy season. The autumn months, particularly September (274 hours) and October (269 hours), see a gradual decline in sunshine, yet remain relatively bright compared to the winter months. By November (297 hours) and December (315 hours), the sun begins to reclaim prominence, illustrating the cyclical nature of sunshine in San Marcos, where the interplay of sunlight and seasonal variation shapes the local environment.
In San Marcos, Guatemala, the UV Index consistently reaches extreme levels throughout most of the year, underscoring the importance of sun protection for residents and visitors alike. From January to April, the UV Index peaks at 16, denoting a very high risk of harm from unprotected sun exposure, with a burn time of only 10 minutes. February stands out with a record index of 14, while March and April maintain this elevated risk, reinforcing the need for caution during these months when solar radiation is at its most intense.
As the year progresses into the rainy season, the UV Index remains predominantly high, with values typically around 15 to 16 from May to August, still categorizing sun exposure as extreme. Interestingly, even September and October, which coincide with increased cloud cover, reflect a UV Index of 14. November marks a slight decline to 11, while December further drops to 10, categorized as very high, reflecting a minor seasonal adjustment in solar radiation. Regardless, the consistent high UV Index underscores the necessity for protective measures against sun exposure throughout the year, particularly during the hotter months.
UV Risk Categories
In San Marcos, Guatemala, daylight duration exhibits a relatively stable pattern throughout the year, characterized by consistent hours of sunlight. During the early months of January and February, the region enjoys approximately 11 hours of daylight, providing a gentle start to the year. As March arrives, daylight begins to increase slightly, reaching 12 hours and maintaining that duration through the summer months of June, July, and August. This consistency in daylight enables residents and farmers to engage in various outdoor activities and cultivations.
As the year progresses toward autumn, the daylight duration shifts back to 11 hours in October and remains at that level through December. This pattern of steady daylight hours, fluctuating minimally between 11 and 12 hours, highlights the effects of San Marcos's equatorial location, where seasonal variations in sunlight are less pronounced than in higher latitudes. The predictable daylight duration not only contributes to the region's agricultural practices but also enhances the overall quality of life for its inhabitants by facilitating a balanced daily rhythm.
Tajumulco, Guatemala experiences a mild climate with average temperatures ranging from 18°C (64°F) in January to 20°C (68°F) from May to July. The region sees significant rainfall, especially from May to August, where precipitation peaks at 481 mm (18.9 in) in June. Sunshine hours are abundant, with March enjoying up to 323 hours of sunlight, although this reduces to about 250 hours in June. Overall, Tajumulco's climate reflects a distinct wet season contrasted by drier months, making it unique for visitors and locals alike. For more information, visit Tajumulco climate.
In conclusion, San Marcos, Guatemala, presents a unique climate characterized by consistent temperature ranges, significant precipitation, high UV Index levels, and stable daylight durations throughout the year. The distinct wet and dry seasons, influenced by the region's geographical positioning, dictate not only the temperature fluctuations but also the amount of sunlight and precipitation received. With the UV Index often reaching extreme levels, it is essential for individuals to take protective measures against sun exposure. Overall, these climatic factors come together to create a vibrant ecosystem, essential for agriculture and lifestyle, while also necessitating a mindful approach to outdoor activities year-round.